Causal diagrams for interference

DOI10.1214/14-STS501MaRDI QIDQ252805zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Elizabeth L. Ogburn, Tyler J. Vanderweele

Publication date 4 March 2016

Published in Statistical Science (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.1239, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ss/1421330547

zbMATH Keywords

causal diagramscausal inferencecontagionDAGsgraphical modelsinfectiousnessinterferencenonparametric identificationsocial networksspillover effects

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonparametric estimation (62G05) Multivariate analysis (62Hxx)

Abstract: The term "interference" has been used to describe any setting in which one subject's exposure may affect another subject's outcome. We use causal diagrams to distinguish among three causal mechanisms that give rise to interference. The first causal mechanism by which interference can operate is a direct causal effect of one individual's treatment on another individual's outcome; we call this direct interference. Interference by contagion is present when one individual's outcome may affect the outcomes of other individuals with whom he comes into contact. Then giving treatment to the first individual could have an indirect effect on others through the treated individual's outcome. The third pathway by which interference may operate is allocational interference. Treatment in this case allocates individuals to groups; through interactions within a group, individuals may affect one another's outcomes in any number of ways. In many settings, more than one type of interference will be present simultaneously. The causal effects of interest differ according to which types of interference are present, as do the conditions under which causal effects are identifiable. Using causal diagrams for interference, we describe these differences, give criteria for the identification of important causal effects, and discuss applications to infectious diseases.

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Cited in

(22)

• Individual-level social influence identification in social media: a learning-simulation coordinated method
• Compartmental model diagrams as causal representations in relation to DAGs
• Vaccines, contagion, and social networks
• Interference and sensitivity analysis
• Toward Causal Inference With Interference
• Auto-g-computation of causal effects on a network
• Randomization inference for peer effects
• The Landscape of Causal Inference: Perspective From Citation Network Analysis
• Cluster allocation design networks
• Regression‐based negative control of homophily in dyadic peer effect analysis
• Identification and estimation of spillover effects in randomized experiments
• Causal Inference for Social Network Data
• Estimating causal effects of HIV prevention interventions with interference in network-based studies among people who inject drugs
• Experimental design in marketplaces
• Optimizing treatment allocation in the presence of interference
• Estimating causal effects under non-individualistic treatments due to network entanglement
• The use of permutation tests for the analysis of parallel and stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trials
• Exposure, hazard, and survival analysis of diffusion on social networks
• Nonparametric identification of causal effects in clustered observational studies with differential selection
• Identification of causal diffusion effects using placebo outcomes under structural stationarity
• Causal inference over stochastic networks
• Multiple randomization designs: estimation and inference with interference

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