Coexisting Stable Equilibria in a Multiple-allele Population Genetics Model

Authors Linlin Su, Colbert Sesanker, Roger Lui

Publication date 25 August 2011

Qualitative theory for ordinary differential equations (34Cxx) Genetics and population dynamics (92Dxx)

Abstract: In this paper we find and classify all patterns for a single locus three- and four-allele population genetics models in continuous time. A pattern for a

k

-allele model means all coexisting locally stable equilibria with respect to the flow defined by the equations

d o t p_{i} = p_{i} (r_{i} - r), i = 1, ..., k,

where

p_{i}, r_{i}

are the frequency and marginal fitness of allele

A_{i}

, respectively, and

r

is the mean fitness of the population. It is well known that for the two-allele model there are only three patterns depending on the relative fitness between the homozygotes and the heterozygote. It turns out that for the three-allele model there are 14 patterns and for the four-allele model there are 117 patterns. With the help of computer simulations, we find 2351 patterns for the five-allele model. For the six-allele model, there are more than 60,000 patterns. In addition, for each pattern of the three-allele model, we also determine the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the above system of equations as

t o i n f t y

. The problem of finding patterns has been studied in the past and it is an important problem because the results can be used to predict the long-term genetic makeup of a population.

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