Composition operators on generalized Hardy spaces

, depending on the geometry of the domains, ensuring that these operators are bounded, invertible, isometric or compact. Some of our results are new even for Hardy spaces of analytic functions.

Review text

A domain \(\Omega \subset \overline{\mathbb{C}}\) is said to be Dini-smooth if its boundary \(\partial{\Omega}\) is a finite union of Jordan curves with non-singular Dini-parametrization, i.e., has a Dini-continous parametrization \(f\), that is, \(\int_0^{\varepsilon}\frac{\omega_f(t)}{t}\,dt < \infty\) for some \(\varepsilon > 0\), where \(\omega_f\) is the modulus of continuity of \(f\). For \(1 <p<\infty\), \(\nu \in {\mathcal{W}}_{\mathbb{R}}^{1,\infty}(\mathbb{D})\), the Sobolev space of all complex valued functions \(f \in {\mathcal{L}}^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})\) with distributional derivative in \({\mathcal{L}}^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})\), such that \(||\nu||_{{\mathcal{L}}}^{\infty}(\mathbb{D}) \leq k\) with \(k \in (0,1)\), the generalized Hardy space of the unit disk \(H_{\nu}^p(\mathbb{D})\) is defined as the set of all measurable functions \(f : \mathbb{D} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}\) such that \(\overline{\partial}f=\nu\overline{\partial}f\) in the sense of distribution in \(\mathbb{D}\) and \[ ||f||_{H_{\nu}^p(\mathbb{D})}=\left( \operatorname{ess}\sup\limits_{0<r<1}\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}|f(re^{it})|^pdt \right)^{\frac{1}{p}} < \infty. \] For a Dini-smooth domain \(\Omega\) with \[ \nu \in {\mathcal{W}}_{\mathbb{R}}^{1,\infty}(\Omega), \;\;||\nu||_{{\mathcal{L}}}^{\infty}(\mathbb{D}) \leq k \text{ with } k \in (0,1), \tag{\(*\)} \] the definition of \(H_{\nu}^p(\Omega)\) was further extended in [\textit{L. Baratchart} et al., Complex Var. Elliptic Equ. 59, No. 4, 504--538 (2014; Zbl 1293.30086)] with \[ ||f||_{H_{\nu}^p(\Omega)}=\sup\limits_{n \in \mathbb{N}}||f||_{ {\mathcal{L}}^p(\partial\Delta_n)}, \] where \((\Delta_n)\) is a fixed sequence of domains such that \(\overline{\Delta}_n \subset \Omega\) and \(\partial{\Delta_n}\) is a finite union of rectifiable Jordan curves of uniformly bounded length such that each subset of \(\Omega\) is eventually contained in \(\Delta_n\) for \(n\) large enough. Likewise, the generalized Hardy space \(G_{\alpha}^p(\Omega)\), for \(\alpha \in {\mathcal{L}}^{\infty}(\Omega)\), is defined as the set of all measurable functions \(\omega : \Omega \to \mathbb{C}\) such that \(\overline{\partial}\omega=\alpha\overline{\omega}\) in \(D'(\Omega)\), the dual space of the space \(D(\Omega)\) of smooth functions with compact support in \(\Omega\) (i.e, the space of distributions in \(\Omega\)), and \[ ||\omega||_{G_{\alpha}^p(\Omega)}=||tr (\omega)||_{ {\mathcal{L}}^p(\partial\Delta_n)} < \infty, \] where \(\operatorname{tr}(\omega)\) represents the non-tangential limit (a.e) of \(\omega\) on \(\partial{\Omega}\). The generalized Hardy spaces \(H_{\nu}^p(\Omega)\) and \(G_{\alpha}^p(\Omega)\) are real Banach spaces (they are complex Banach spaces for \(\nu=0\) and \(\alpha=0\), respectively). The paper under review investigates composition operators on these generalized Hardy spaces \(G_{\alpha}^p(\Omega)\) and \(H_{\nu}^p(\Omega)\) over Dini-smooth domains. For two bounded Dini-smooth domains \(\Omega_1\) and \(\Omega_2\) in \(\mathbb{C}\), \(\nu\) defined on \(\Omega_2\) satisfying (\(*\)) and \( \phi : \Omega_1 \rightarrow \Omega_2\) analytic with \(\phi \in {\mathcal{W}}_{\mathbb{R}}^{1,\infty}(\Omega_1)\), the authors prove the boundedness of \(C_{\phi} : H_{\nu}^p(\Omega_2) \rightarrow H_{\nu \circ \phi}^p(\Omega_1)\) and give estimates for \(||C_{\phi}||\) in the case of the unit disk and a doubly connected domain, respectively. They also prove that composition operators on \(H_{\nu}^p\) and \(G_{\alpha}^p\) are \(\mathbb{R}\)-isomorphic. In Section~5, the authors extend the characterization of invertibility of composition operators on the \(H_{\nu}^p\) and \(G_{\alpha}^p\) on \(\mathbb{D}\) as in [\textit{H. J. Schwartz}, Composition operators on \(H'(P)\). Toledo: University of Toledo (Ph.D. Thesis) (1969)] to the case of Dini-smooth domains. In Section 6, \(\phi \in {\mathcal{W}}_{\mathbb{D}}^{1,\infty}(\mathbb{D})\) and \(\overline{\alpha} =(\alpha \circ \phi)\overline{\partial{\phi}}\), the authors characterize isometries of composition operators \(C_{\phi} : G_{\alpha}^p(\mathbb{D}) \rightarrow G_{\overline{\alpha}}^p(\mathbb{D})\) (which also characterizes \(C_{\phi} : H^p(\mathbb{D}) \rightarrow H^p(\mathbb{D})\)). For the doubly connected domain \(\mathbb{A} = \mathbb{D}\cap(\mathbb{C}\setminus r_0\overline{\mathbb{D}})\), \(\phi : \mathbb{A} \rightarrow \mathbb{A}\) satisfying the condition \(\phi \in {\mathcal{W}}_{\mathbb{A}}^{1,\infty}(\mathbb{A})\), \(\alpha \in {\mathcal{L}}^{\infty}(\mathbb{A})\) and \(\nu\) satisfying \((*)\), and \(\overline{\nu} =(\nu \circ \phi)\overline{\partial{\phi}}\), the authors prove the equivalence of the following:{\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(C_{\phi}\) is an isometry from \(H^p(\mathbb{A})\) into \(H^p(\mathbb{A})\), \item[(ii)] \(C_{\phi}\) is an isometry from \(G_{\alpha}^p(\mathbb{A})\) into \(G_{\overline{\alpha}}^p(\mathbb{A})\), \item[(iii)] \(C_{\phi}\) is an isometry from \(G_{\nu}^p(\mathbb{A})\) into \(G_{\overline{\nu}}^p(\mathbb{A})\), and \item[(iv)] either there exists \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\) of unit modulus such that \(\phi(z)=\lambda z\) for all \(z \in \mathbb{A}\), or there exists \(\mu \in \mathbb{C}\) of unit modulus such that \(\phi(z)=\lambda\frac{r_0}{2}\) for all \(z \in \mathbb{A}\). \end{itemize}} It is interesting to note that (i) and (ii) are new even for the case of composition operators on \(H^p(\mathbb{A})\).

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