Continuous shearlet frames and resolution of the wavefront set

DOI10.1007/S00605-010-0264-2MaRDI QIDQ652549zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 14 December 2011

Published in Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0909.3712, http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/159427

continuous frames microlocal analysis shearlets wavefront set

General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40)

Abstract: In recent years directional multiscale transformations like the curvelet- or shearlet transformation have gained considerable attention. The reason for this is that these transforms are - unlike more traditional transforms like wavelets - able to efficiently handle data with features along edges. The main result in [G. Kutyniok, D. Labate. Resolution of the Wavefront Set using continuous Shearlets, Trans. AMS 361 (2009), 2719-2754] confirming this property for shearlets is due to Kutyniok and Labate where it is shown that for very special functions

p s i

with frequency support in a compact conical wegde the decay rate of the shearlet coefficients of a tempered distribution

f

with respect to the shearlet

p s i

can resolve the Wavefront Set of

f

. We demonstrate that the same result can be verified under much weaker assumptions on

p s i

, namely to possess sufficiently many anisotropic vanishing moments. We also show how to build frames for

L^{2} (m a t h b b R^{2})

from any such function. To prove our statements we develop a new approach based on an adaption of the Radon transform to the shearlet structure.

Review text

\textit{G. Kutyniok} and \textit{D. Labate} [``Resolution of the wavefront set using continuous shearlets, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 361, No. 5, 2719--2754 (2009; Zbl 1169.42012)] showed that for shearlet generators having very specific properties, the wavefront set \(\text{WF}\, (f)\) of a tempered distribution \(f\) can be resolved in terms of the rate of decay of shearlet coefficients. The goal here is to extend this characterization to a more general class of shearlet generating functions. The techniques for wavefront characterization then need to be adjusted to this more general family. The shearlet transform of \(f\) is \[ \mathcal{SH}_\psi f(a,s,t)=\langle f,\, \psi_{ast}\rangle,\,\, a>0,\,\, s\in\mathbb{R},\,\, t\in\mathbb{R}^2, \] where \[ \psi_{ast} (x_1,x_2)= a^{-3/4}\psi\Bigl({x_1-t_1+s(x_2-t_2)\over a},{x_2-t_2\over a^{1/2}}\Bigr)\, . \] The argument is defined by the action of the shear group with product \((a,s,t)\circ (\tilde{a},\tilde{s},\tilde{t})=(a\tilde{a}, s+\tilde{s}\sqrt{a},t+S_sA_s t)\) where \(A_s=\text{ diag} (a,\sqrt{a})\) and \(S_s (x_1, x_2) = (x_1-sx_2, x_2)\). The shearlet transform is then isometric from \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)\) to its image in \(L^2\) of the shearlet group. Let \(f\) be a tempered distribution and \(\mathcal{D}=\mathcal{D}_1\cup\mathcal{D}_2\) where \((t_0,s_0)\in \mathcal{D}_1\subset \mathbb{R}^2\times [-1,1]\) if \(|\mathcal{SH}_\psi f(a,s,t)|=O(a^k) \) for all \((s,t)\) in a neighborhood of \((s_0,t_0)\) and all \( k\in\mathbb{N} \), and \(\mathcal{D}_2\) is the set of all \((t_0,s_0)\in \mathbb{R}^2\times [1,\infty]\) such that for \((1/s,t)\) in a neighborhood of \((s_0,t_0)\), \(|\mathcal{SH}_\psi f(a,s,t)|=O(a^k)\) for all \(k\in\mathbb{N}\). In both cases, the ``O constants are uniformly bounded in the given neighborhoods. Kutyniok and Labate [loc. cit.] showed that for \(\psi\) having compact Fourier support in a suitable wedge, \(\text{ WF}(f)^c=\mathcal{D}\). The primary result of this work replaces the frequency support condition on \(\psi\) by the more general condition that ``\(\psi\) has infinitely many vanishing moments in the \(x_1\)-direction meaning that for all \(n=1,2,\dots\), \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^2} {|\hat{\psi}(\omega)|^2\over |\omega_1|^{2n}}\, d\omega <\infty\, . \] To define the wavefront set \(\text{ WF}^N(f)\), one says that \(x\) is an \(N\)-regular point in the \(\lambda\) direction if there is a neighborhood \(U_x\) of \(x\), a smooth cutoff function \(\Phi\) around \(U_x\) and a neighborhood \(V_\lambda\) of \(\lambda>0\) such that \[ (\Phi f)^{\wedge}(\eta) =O((1+|\eta|)^{-N}),\quad \text{ on}\,\, \Bigl\{ \eta=(\eta_1,\eta_2):\, { \eta_2\over \eta_1}\in V_\lambda \Bigr\}\, . \] Then \(\text{ WF}^N(f)\) is the complement of the set of \(N\)-regular directed points and the wavefront set is \(\text{ WF}(f)=\bigcup_{N>0} \text{ WF}^N(f) \). To establish the main result, first, one shows that \(\mathcal{SH}_\psi f(a,s,t)\) has fast decay in \(a\) if \(f\) is smooth in \(t\) and direction \(s\). This involves first representing \(L^2\)-functions in terms of continuous frames of shearlets. Then an inverse theorem is provided showing that if the shearlet transform has suitable directional decay then \(f\) must have corresponding directional smoothness.

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