Counterexamples in scale calculus

DOI10.1073/PNAS.1811701116MaRDI QIDQ5218585zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Benjamin Filippenko, Zhengyi Zhou, Katrin Wehrheim

Publication date 4 March 2020

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.02591

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Implicit function theorems, Jacobians, transformations with several variables (26B10) Calculus of functions on infinite-dimensional spaces (26E15) Nonlinear ill-posed problems (47J06) Implicit function theorems; global Newton methods on manifolds (58C15)

Abstract: We construct counterexamples to classical calculus facts such as the Inverse and Implicit Function Theorems in Scale Calculus -- a generalization of Multivariable Calculus to infinite dimensional vector spaces in which the reparameterization maps relevant to Symplectic Geometry are smooth. Scale Calculus is a cornerstone of Polyfold Theory, which was introduced by Hofer-Wysocki-Zehnder as a broadly applicable tool for regularizing moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic curves. We show how the novel nonlinear scale-Fredholm notion in Polyfold Theory overcomes the lack of Implicit Function Theorems, by formally establishing an often implicitly used fact: The differentials of basic germs -- the local models for scale-Fredholm maps -- vary continuously in the space of bounded operators when the base point changes. We moreover demonstrate that this continuity holds only in specific coordinates, by constructing an example of a scale-diffeomorphism and scale-Fredholm map with discontinuous differentials. This justifies the high technical complexity in the foundations of Polyfold Theory.

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Cited in

(4)

• Variations on the theme of Scarf's counter-example
• A polyfold proof of the Arnold conjecture
• Why bootstrapping for \(J\)-holomorphic curves fails in \(C^k\)
• Periodic delay orbits and the polyfold implicit function theorem

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