Counting joints with multiplicities

Abstract: Let

m a t h f r a k L

be a collection of

L

lines in

R^{3}

and

J

the set of joints formed by

m a t h f r a k L

, i.e. the set of points each of which lies in at least 3 non-coplanar lines of

m a t h f r a k L

. It is known that

| J | l e s s s i m L^{3 / 2}

(first proved by Guth and Katz). For each joint

x i n J

, let the multiplicity

N (x)

of

x

be the number of triples of non-coplanar lines through

x

. We prove here that

s u m_{x i n J} N (x)^{1 / 2} l e s s s i m L^{3 / 2}

, while in the last section we extend this result to real algebraic curves of uniformly bounded degree in

R^{3}

, as well as to curves in

R^{3}

parametrised by real polynomials of uniformly bounded degree.

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