Data-Driven and Online Estimation of Linear Sensitivity Distribution Factors: A Low-rank Approach
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Abstract: This paper focuses on the estimation of sensitivity matrices in electrical transmission systems. By leveraging a low-rank approximation of certain classes of sensitivity matrices, the paper proposes a robust nuclear norm minimization method to estimate sensitivities from measurements. Relative to existing methods based on the least-squares approach, the proposed method can obtain meaningful estimates with a smaller number of measurements and when the regression model is underdetermined; the method can also identify faulty measurements and handle missing data. Furthermore, an online proximal-gradient method is proposed to estimate sensitivities on-the-fly from real-time measurements; convergence results in terms of dynamic regret are offered in this case. While the proposed approach can be leveraged to estimate various sensitivity coefficients in a power grid, this paper considers power transfer distribution factors as an illustrative example. Numerical tests corroborate the effectiveness of the novel approach.
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