Tracking and classifying Amazon fire events in near-real time
DOI10.5281/zenodo.14338495Zenodo14338495MaRDI QIDQ6697446FDOQ6697446
Dataset published at Zenodo repository.
Douglas Morton, Matthias Forkel, Paulo Brando, Vincent Huijnen, James Randerson, Jos de Laat, Wilfrid Schroeder, Niels Andela, Yang Chen
Publication date: 15 January 2025
Copyright license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Summary Time-series (2018-2024) of the Amazon dashboard, including minor updates to the methods. The Amazon dashboard data product tracks individual fire events across most of South America (10N - 25S, 85W - 30W) in near-real time. The model classifies fires into four key fire types (deforestation, forest, small clearing and agricultural, and savanna and grassland fires) and provides estimates of individual fire carbon emissions. Methods are described in Andela et al. (2022). Near-real time estimates are provided at https://amzfire.servirglobal.net/ and here we archive historic time-series. Methods The data archived here (v1.1) include several small updates. Two updates relate to the use of VIIRS active fire detections. First, VIIRS active fire detections have been updated from collection 1 to collection 2. Second, any full day of missing data from either the VIIRS instrument onboard NOAA-20 or Suomi NPP is now replaced by data of the other instrument. This "gap" filling helps reduce the impact of periods with instrument outage, like those of Suomi NPP VIIRS during the 2024 burning season. The other two updates relate to the emissions calculations. First, to convert dry matter burned to carbon emissions, we have introduced fire type specific emissions factors instead of the earlier assumption of 50% carbon content for all fire types. Second, as part of the Sense4Fire project (https://sense4fire.eu/), we provide daily gridded emissions estimates of Dry Matter (DM), C, CO2, CO, and NOx at 0.1 degree resolution. We used emissions factors provided by Andrea (2019) for savanna and grassland fires as well as small clearing and agricultural fires while for forest and deforestation fires we reviewed the literature to select the most relevant emissions factors (Table 1). Table 1: Emissions factors (gram species per kg dry matter burned) used to calculate C, CO2, CO, and NOx emissions. Fire type / trace gas emissions C CO2 CO NOx Savanna and grassland 480 1656 69.2 2.5 Small clearing and agricultural 430 1431 76.2 2.4 Forest 480 1561 104.0 2.0 Deforestation 490 1641 95.5 1.7 Dataset description For full detail, please see Andela et al. (2022). The tables below (Tables 2 - 4) describe the content of the fire event (polygon) and active fire detections (point) shapefiles as well as the gridded emissions product. The active fire detections and associated estimates of dry matter burned can be combined with emissions factors (Table 1) to derive daily trace gas emissions time series for species and areas of interest. Table 2: Explanation of fire event shapefile attribute table. Attribute class Attribute Explanation / units Fire type classification Fire type (1) savanna and grassland, (2) small clearing andagriculture, (3) forest, and (4) deforestation fires Confidence (1) low, (2) moderate, and (3) high Fire Atlas Size Fire size in km2 Start day Day of new fire start as day of year (1-366) Duration Fire duration in days C Emissions Fire carbon emissions (ton C) Fire characterization Tree cover Average tree cover fraction within perimeter (%) Biomass Average biomass within fire perimeter (ton ha-1) Deforestation Fraction of 550 m grid cells with historicdeforestation (five years prior to fire) within fire perimeter (%) FRP Average fire radiative power (FRP) for all firedetections within fire perimeter (MW) Persistence Average fire persistence across 550 m grid cellswithin fire perimeter (days) Progression Average fire progression fraction across 550 mgrid cells within perimeter (%) Daytime Fraction of 1:30 pm detections (%) for all firedetections within fire perimeter Detections Total active fire detections within fire perimeter Table 3: Explanation of active fire detection shapefile attribute table. Attribute class Attribute Explanation / units VIIRS active fire detections FRP Fire radiative power (MW) DOY Day of year (1-366) Fire type classification Fire type (1) savanna and grassland, (2) small clearing and agriculture, (3) forest, and (4) deforestation fires Confidence (1) low, (2) moderate, and (3) high Emissions C Emissions Fire carbon emissions (ton C) associated with each active fire detection DM Emissions Dry matter burned (ton) associated with each active fire detection Table 4: Content of daily gridded (0.1 degree resolution) emissions netcdf files. The daily emissions product provides emissions estimates of dry matter, C, CO2, CO, and NOx. For DM and CO partitioned emissions are also provided by fire type, for other species these can be derived by multiplying the dry matter burned (DM) estimates with trace gas specific emissions factors (Table 1). Values of each grid cell can be multiplied by the number of seconds per day and grid cell area to calculate total emissions (convert "kg species m-2 s-1" to "kg species day-1 per grid cell"). /ancill grid_cell_area /partitioned_DM_emissions Deforestation emissions Forest emissions Savanna and grassland emissions Small clearing and agricultural emissions /partitioned_CO_emissions Deforestation emissions Forest emissions Savanna and grassland emissions Small clearing and agricultural emissions /total_emissions DM emissions C emissions CO2 emissions CO emissions NOx emissions Results Despite the various small improvements to the dataset, the data are largely consistent with the original dataset published for 2019-2020 (Table 5). Table 5: Comparison of model versions (original from Andela et al., 2022 and v1.1 published here) for April-December 2019 (equator-25S, 85W - 30W). Note that the current version (v1.1) is complete for 2019, but the original dataset had missing data due to incomplete active fire detections from NOAA-20 VIIRS at that time. Dataset Fire type Fire detections (x1,000) Mean fire radiative power (MW) Number of events (x1,000) Emissions (Tg C) Original Deforestation 756.65 15.15 24.24 99.18 Original Forest 637.58 12.73 5.28 85.46 Original Small clearing and agricultural 348.49 10.91 154.68 10.55 Original Savanna and grassland 1935.06 12.11 296.42 71.75 v1.1 Deforestation 742.64 14.81 24.02 97.18 v1.1 Forest 626.92 12.06 5.16 77.84 v1.1 Small clearing and agricultural 350.7 10.89 155.56 9.27 v1.1 Savanna and grassland 1877.16 11.89 299.17 70.55 Acknowledgements The Sense4Fire project is funded by ESA under ESA Contract Number: 4000134840/21/I-NB. References Andela, N., Morton, D.C., Schroeder, W., Chen, Y., Brando, P.M. and Randerson, J.T., 2022. Tracking and classifying Amazon fire events in near real time. Science advances, 8, eabd2713. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd2713. Andreae, M.O., 2019. Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burningan updated assessment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 8523-8546. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8523-2019.
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