Defect of a unitary matrix
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Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Combinatorial aspects of matrices (incidence, Hadamard, etc.) (05B20) Stochastic matrices (15B51) Orthogonal and unitary groups in metric geometry (51F25) Numerical methods for discrete and fast Fourier transforms (65T50) Critical points of functions and mappings on manifolds (58K05)
Abstract: We analyze properties of a map B = f(U) sending a unitary matrix U of size N into a doubly stochastic matrix defined by B_{i,j} = |U_{i,j}|^2. For any U we define its DEFECT, determined by the dimensionality of the space being the image Df(T_U Unitaries) of the space T_U Unitaries tangent to the manifold of unitary matrices Unitaries at U, under the tangent map Df corresponding to f. The defect, equal to zero for a generic unitary matrix, gives an upper bound for the dimensionality of a smooth orbit (a manifold) of inequivalent unitary matrices V mapped into the same image, f(V) = f(U) = B, stemming from U. We demonstrate several properties of the defect and prove an explicit formula for the defect of a Fourier matrix F_N of size N. In this way we obtain an upper bound for the dimensionality of a smooth orbit of inequivalent unitary complex Hadamard matrices stemming from F_N. It is equal to zero iff N is prime and coincides with the dimensionality of the known orbits if N is a power of a prime. Two constructions of these orbits are presented at the end of this work.
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(28)- Unistochastic matrices and related problems
- Informing the structure of complex Hadamard matrix spaces using a flow
- On biunimodular vectors for unitary matrices
- Defect of a unitary matrix
- First order deformations of the Fourier matrix
- Extension of the set of complex Hadamard matrices of size 8
- Almost Hadamard matrices: the case of arbitrary exponents
- Geometry of the set of mixed quantum states: an apophatic approach
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- Block-circulant complex Hadamard matrices
- A characterization of minimal Hermitian matrices
- A new method to construct families of complex Hadamard matrices in even dimensions
- Second order deformations of group commuting squares and Hadamard matrices
- Complex Hadamard matrices with noncommutative entries
- Defect of a Kronecker product of unitary matrices
- The defect of generalized Fourier matrices
- Algebras of projectors and mutually unbiased bases in dimension 7
- Representations of quantum permutation algebras
- Analytic deformations of group commuting squares and complex Hadamard matrices
- Families of complex Hadamard matrices
- Orthogonal pairs and mutually unbiased bases
- ON MUTUALLY UNBIASED BASES
- Defect and equivalence of unitary matrices. The Fourier case. I
- Defect and Equivalence of Unitary Matrices. The Fourier Case. Part II
- Distinguishing classically indistinguishable states and channels
- Two-unitary complex Hadamard matrices of order 36
- On orthostochastic, unistochastic and qustochastic matrices
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