Destruction of CPE-normality along deterministic sequences

MaRDI QIDQ6390244zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Adam Abrams, T. Downarowicz

Publication date 5 February 2022

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continued fractions (11A55) Normal numbers, radix expansions, Pisot numbers, Salem numbers, good lattice points, etc. (11K16) Symbolic dynamics (37B10)

Abstract: Let $mu$ be a shift-invariant measure on $Lambd{a}^{mathbbN}$, where $Lambda$ is a finite or countable alphabet. We say that an increasing sequence of natural numbers $S=s_1,s_2,dots$ preserves (destroys) $mu$-normality if, for any $x=(x_1,x_2,\mathrm{...})inLambd{a}^{mathbbN}$ generic for $mu$, the sequence $x{|}_S=(x_{s_1},x_{s_2},\mathrm{...})$ is (is not) generic for $mu$. It is known from Kamae and Weiss that if $mu$ is i.i.d. then any deterministic sequence of positive lower density preserves $mu$-normality. We show that deterministic sequencess of positive upper density and lower density less than one destroy $mu$-normality for any non-i.i.d. measure $mu$ with completely positive entropy (CPE). This generalizes Heersink and Vandehey's result for arithmetic progressions and the Gauss measure (associated to the continued fraction transformation). We give several examples showing that, outside the class of measures with CPE, $mu$-normality preservation can coexist with nearly any combination of three parameters: determinism of $S$ (or its lack), entropy of $mu$ (zero or positive), and disjointness (or its lack) between $mu$ and the measures derived from $S$.

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