Differential theory of zero-dimensional schemes

Authors Martin Kreuzer, Tran N. K. Linh, Le Ngoc Long

Publication date 23 February 2023

Hilbert-Samuel and Hilbert-Kunz functions; Poincaré series (13D40) Modules of differentials (13N05) Projective techniques in algebraic geometry (14N05)

Abstract: For a 0-dimensional scheme

m a t h b b X

in

m a t h b b P^{n}

over a perfect field

K

, we first embed the homogeneous coordinate ring

R

into its truncated integral closure

w i d e t i l d e R

. Then we use the corresponding map from the module of K"ahler differentials

O m e g a_{R / K}^{1}

to

O m e g a_{w i d e t i l d e R / K}^{1}

to find a formula for the Hilbert polynomial

m H P (O m e g a_{R / K}^{1})

and a sharp bound for the regularity index

m r i (O m e g a_{R / K}^{1})

. Additionally, we extend this to formulas for the Hilbert polynomials

m H P (O m e g a_{R / K}^{m})

and bounds for the regularity indices of the higher modules of K"ahler differentials. Next we derive a new characterization of a weakly curvilinear scheme

m a t h b b X

which can be checked without computing a primary decomposition of its homogeneous vanishing ideal. Moreover, we prove precise formulas for the Hilbert polynomial of

O m e g a_{R / K}^{m}

of a fat point scheme

m a t h b b X

, extending and settling previous partial results and conjectures. Finally, we characterize uniformity conditions on

m a t h b b X

using the Hilbert functions of the K"ahler differential modules of

m a t h b b X

and its subschemes.

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