Diffusion and superdiffusion from hydrodynamic projections
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Anomalous diffusion models (subdiffusion, superdiffusion, continuous-time random walks, etc.) (60K50) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Dynamic continuum models (systems of particles, etc.) in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C21) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70) Statistical mechanics of liquids (82D15)
Abstract: Hydrodynamic projections, the projection onto conserved charges representing ballistic propagation of fluid waves, give exact transport results in many-body systems, such as the exact Drude weights. Focussing one one-dimensional systems, I show that this principle can be extended beyond the Euler scale, in particular to the diffusive and superdiffusive scales. By hydrodynamic reduction, Hilbert spaces of observables are constructed that generalise the standard space of conserved densities and describe the finer scales of hydrodynamics. The Green-Kubo formula for the Onsager matrix has a natural expression within the diffusive space. This space is associated with quadratically extensive charges, and projections onto any such charge give generic lower bounds for diffusion. In particular, bilinear expressions in linearly extensive charges lead to explicit diffusion lower bounds calculable from the thermodynamics, and applicable for instance to generic momentum-conserving one-dimensional systems. Bilinear charges are interpreted as covariant derivatives on the manifold of maximal entropy states, and represent the contribution to diffusion from scattering of ballistic waves. An analysis of fractionally extensive charges, combined with clustering properties from the superdiffusion phenomenology, gives lower bounds for superdiffusion exponents. These bounds reproduce the predictions of nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics, including the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang exponent 2/3 for sound-like modes, the Levy-distribution exponent 3/5 for heat-like modes, and the full Fibonacci sequence.
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Cited in
(10)- Hydrodynamic projections and the emergence of linearised Euler equations in one-dimensional isolated systems
- Superdiffusive transport of energy in one-dimensional metals
- Long-time dynamics in quantum spin lattices: ergodicity and hydrodynamic projections at all frequencies and wavelengths
- Ballistic macroscopic fluctuation theory
- Linear response and exact hydrodynamic projections in Lindblad equations with decoupled Bogoliubov hierarchies
- Clustering of higher order connected correlations in C^ dynamical systems
- Ruelle-Pollicott resonances of diffusive U(1)-invariant qubit circuits
- Ballistic macroscopic fluctuation theory via mapping to point particles
- Hydrodynamic noise in one dimension: projected Kubo formula and how it vanishes in integrable models
- Nonlinear projection for ballistic correlation functions: a formula in terms of minimal connected covers
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