Efficient quantum key distribution with trines of reference-frame-free qubits

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2010.12.052MaRDI QIDQ430730zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Berthold-Georg Englert, Gelo Tabia

Publication date 26 June 2012

Published in Physics Letters. A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5375

zbMATH Keywords

quantum key distributionreference-frame-free qubitstrine states

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cryptography (94A60) Quantum coding (general) (81P70) Quantum cryptography (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P94)

Abstract: We propose a rotationally-invariant quantum key distribution scheme that uses a pair of orthogonal qubit trines, realized as mixed states of three physical qubits. The measurement outcomes do not depend on how Alice and Bob choose their individual reference frames. The efficient key generation by two-way communication produces two independent raw keys, a bit key and a trit key. For a noiseless channel, Alice and Bob get a total of 0.573 key bits per trine state sent (98% of the Shannon limit). This exceeds by a considerable amount the yield of standard trine schemes, which ideally attain half a key bit per trine state. Eavesdropping introduces an $epsilon$-fraction of unbiased noise, ensured by twirling if necessary. The security analysis reveals an asymmetry in Eve's conditioned ancillas for Alice and Bob resulting from their inequivalent roles in the key generation. Upon simplifying the analysis by a plausible symmetry assumption, we find that a secret key can be generated if the noise is below the threshold set by $epsilon=0.197$.

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Cites work

• A de Finetti representation for finite symmetric quantum states
• Quantum cryptography with 3-state systems
• RAW-DATA ATTACKS IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY WITH PARTIAL TOMOGRAPHY
• Reference frames, superselection rules, and quantum information
• Unknown quantum states: The quantum de Finetti representation

Cited in

(7)

• Quantum key distribution without a shared reference frame
• A study on reliability of coherent systems equipped with a cold standby component
• Optimal error regions for quantum state estimation
• Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution in uplink and downlink free-space channel
• On the stochastic and dependence properties of the three-state systems
• Quantum key distribution with no shared reference frame
• Monte Carlo sampling from the quantum state space. I

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