Efficiently Testing Sparse GF(2) Polynomials

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Abstract: We give the first algorithm that is both query-efficient and time-efficient for testing whether an unknown function f:0,1no0,1 is an s-sparse GF(2) polynomial versus eps-far from every such polynomial. Our algorithm makes poly(s,1/eps) black-box queries to f and runs in time ncdotpoly(s,1/eps). The only previous algorithm for this testing problem cite{DLM+:07} used poly(s,1/eps) queries, but had running time exponential in s and super-polynomial in 1/eps. Our approach significantly extends the ``testing by implicit learning methodology of cite{DLM+:07}. The learning component of that earlier work was a brute-force exhaustive search over a concept class to find a hypothesis consistent with a sample of random examples. In this work, the learning component is a sophisticated exact learning algorithm for sparse GF(2) polynomials due to Schapire and Sellie cite{SchapireSellie:96}. A crucial element of this work, which enables us to simulate the membership queries required by cite{SchapireSellie:96}, is an analysis establishing new properties of how sparse GF(2) polynomials simplify under certain restrictions of ``low-influence sets of variables.











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