Efficiently Testing Sparse GF(2) Polynomials
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Abstract: We give the first algorithm that is both query-efficient and time-efficient for testing whether an unknown function is an -sparse GF(2) polynomial versus -far from every such polynomial. Our algorithm makes black-box queries to and runs in time . The only previous algorithm for this testing problem cite{DLM+:07} used poly queries, but had running time exponential in and super-polynomial in . Our approach significantly extends the ``testing by implicit learning methodology of cite{DLM+:07}. The learning component of that earlier work was a brute-force exhaustive search over a concept class to find a hypothesis consistent with a sample of random examples. In this work, the learning component is a sophisticated exact learning algorithm for sparse GF(2) polynomials due to Schapire and Sellie cite{SchapireSellie:96}. A crucial element of this work, which enables us to simulate the membership queries required by cite{SchapireSellie:96}, is an analysis establishing new properties of how sparse GF(2) polynomials simplify under certain restrictions of ``low-influence sets of variables.
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