Embedding simple commutative monoids into simple refinement monoids

Abstract: Say that a cone is a commutative monoid in which x+y=0 implies that x=y=0. We show that cones (resp. simple cones) of many kinds order-embed or even embed unitarily into refinement cones (resp. simple refinement cones) of the same kind, satisfying in addition various divisibility conditions. We do this in particular for all cones, or for all separative cones, or for all cancellative cones (positive cones of partially ordered abelian groups). We also settle both the torsion-free case and the unperforated case. Most of our results extend to arbitrary commutative monoids.

Review text

This paper investigates different embeddings of commutative monoids \((S,+,0)\) such that \(a+b=0\) implies \(a=b=0\), into refinement monoids \((T,+,0)\) satisfying various divisibility conditions. Refinement monoids are defined as commutative monoids \(T\) such that \(a_0+a_1=b_0+b_1\) in \(T\) implies that \(a_0=c_{00}+c_{01}\), \(b_0=c_{00}+c_{10}\), \(a_1=c_{10}+c_{11}\), \(b_1=c_{01}+c_{11}\) for some \(c_{ij}\in T\). In particular, embeddings are studied in the case where \(S\) is simple or separative or cancellative. Also, ``order-embeddings are dealt with: if \(a\leq_Sb\) (\(a,b\in S\)) is defined by \(b=a+x\) for some \(x\in S\), an injective semigroup homomorphism \(f\colon S\to T\) is called an order-embedding if \(a\leq_Sb\) in \(S\) is equivalent to \(f(a)\leq_Tf(b)\) in \(T\). It is noted that most of the results extend to arbitrary monoids (without being ``conical). Several applications to the theory of partially ordered groups are given. In particular, the question whether a simple (torsionfree, resp. unperforated), p.o. Abelian group can be embedded into a simple Riesz group (of the same kind) is answered in the positive.

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