Entanglement of quantum clocks through gravity

DOI10.1073/PNAS.1616427114MaRDI QIDQ4646156zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Esteban Castro Ruiz, Flaminia Giacomini, Časlav Brukner

Publication date 11 January 2019

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.01955

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45)

Abstract: In general relativity, the picture of spacetime assigns an ideal clock to each worldline. Being ideal, gravitational effects due to these clocks are ignored and the flow of time according to one clock is not affected by the presence of clocks along nearby worldlines. However, if time is defined operationally, as a pointer position of a physical clock that obeys the principles of general relativity and quantum mechanics, such a picture is at most a convenient fiction. Specifically, we show that the general relativistic mass-energy equivalence implies gravitational interaction between the clocks, while the quantum mechanical superposition of energy eigenstates leads to a non-fixed metric background. Based only on the assumption that both principles hold in this situation, we show that the clocks necessarily get entangled through time dilation effect, which eventually leads to a loss of coherence of a single clock. Hence, the time as measured by a single clock is not well-defined. However, the general relativistic notion of time is recovered in the classical limit of clocks.

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Cited in

(15)

• Quantum time dilation in the near-horizon region of a black hole
• Quantum complementarity of clocks in the context of general relativity
• Ideal clocks -- a convenient fiction
• Are mechanical clocks relativistic clocks?
• Schrödinger's cat and the clock: lessons for quantum gravity
• Universality in the gravitational stretching of clocks, waves and quantum states
• Patient observers and non-perturbative infrared dynamics in inflation
• Quantum and classical effects in a light-clock falling in Schwarzschild geometry
• Spin‐Spacetime Censorship
• Universality of quantum time dilation
• Quantum generalisation of Einstein's equivalence principle can be verified with entangled clocks as quantum reference frames
• Emergence of gravitational potential and time dilation from non-interacting systems coupled to a global quantum clock
• Large effects from quantum reference frames
• Bootstrapping time dilation decoherence
• Time, clocks and parametric invariance

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