Euler characteristic of stable envelopes

Combinatorial aspects of algebraic geometry (05E14) Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry (14N10) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Elliptic cohomology (55N34)

Abstract: In this paper we prove a formula relating the equivariant Euler characteristic of

K

-theoretic stable envelopes to an object known as the index vertex for the cotangent bundle of the full flag variety. Our formula demonstrates that the index vertex is the power series expansion of a rational function. This result is a consequence of the 3d mirror self-symmetry of the variety considered here. In general, one expects an analogous result to hold for any two varieties related by 3d mirror symmetry.

Review text

Let \((X, X^!)\) be a pair of Nakajima quiver varieties dual to each other under 3d mirror symmetry. Following results in [\textit{M. Aganagic} and \textit{A. Okounkov}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 34, No. 1, 79--133 (2021; Zbl 07304878)], a general enumerative expectation first proposed by Okounkov is that, up to the exchange of equivariant and Kähler variables prescribed by 3d mirror symmetry, \[ \mathsf{V}_{\mathrm{QM}}(X^!) = \mathrm{Stab}^{\mathsf{Ell}}(X) \mathsf{V}_{\mathrm{QM}}(X) \] where \(\mathsf{V}_{\mathrm{QM}}(X)\) is the equivariant K-theoretic quasimap vertex of \(X\) and \(\mathrm{Stab}^{\mathsf{Ell}}(X)\) is a certain normalization of the elliptic stable envelope of \(X\). The important and simplest case, when \(X = T^*\mathrm{GL}(n)/B\) is the cotangent bundle of the full flag variety, is known to be 3d mirror to itself ([\textit{R. Rimányi} et al., SIGMA, Symmetry Integrability Geom. Methods Appl. 15, Paper 093, 22 p. (2019; Zbl 1451.53116)]) and the relation above was verified manually by Dinkins. The paper under review then takes the index limit ([\textit{N. Nekrasov} and \textit{A. Okounkov}, Algebr. Geom. 3, No. 3, 320--369 (2016; Zbl 1369.14069)]) of this relation, where: \begin{itemize} \item the right-hand side becomes K-theoretic stable envelopes of \(X\) or of certain subvarieties of \(X\) (see [\textit{Y. Kononov} and \textit{A. Smirnov}, Lett. Math. Phys. 112, No. 4, Paper No. 69, 25 p. (2022; Zbl 1505.14092)]); \item the left-hand side becomes the so-called index vertex of \(X^!\), which can be viewed as a generalization of the refined topological vertex of Iqbal-Koczaz-Vafa. \end{itemize} This holds for index limits of any, not necessarily generic, slope. One consequence is that index vertices are always expansions of rational functions. The simplest example \(X = T^*\mathbb{P}^1\) is given explicitly.

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