Explicit class field theory for global function fields

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2012.02.009MaRDI QIDQ1932396zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 18 January 2013

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.3779

cyclotomic function fields Drinfeld modules explicit class field theory

Drinfel'd modules; higher-dimensional motives, etc. (11G09) Class field theory (11R37) Cyclotomic function fields (class groups, Bernoulli objects, etc.) (11R60)

Abstract: Let F be a global function field and let F^ab be its maximal abelian extension. Following an approach of D.Hayes, we shall construct a continuous homomorphism ho: Gal(F^ab/F) o C_F, where C_F is the idele class group of F. Using class field theory, we shall show that our ho is an isomorphism of topological groups whose inverse is the Artin map of F. As a consequence of the construction of ho, we obtain an explicit description of F^ab. Fix a place infty of F, and let A be the subring of F consisting of those elements which are regular away from infty. We construct ho by combining the Galois action on the torsion points of a suitable Drinfeld A-module with an associated infty-adic representation studied by J.-K. Yu.

Review text

Let \(F\) be a global field of positive characteristic with field of constants \(k={\mathbb F}_q\). Let \(F^{\mathrm{ab}}\) be the maximal abelian extension of \(F\). In 1974, \textit{D. R. Hayes} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 189, 77--91 (1974; Zbl 0292.12018)] provided an explicit class field theory for rational function fields \(F=k(t)\), using the work of \textit{L. Carlitz} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 43, 167--182 (1938; Zbl 0018.19806)] who had constructed a class of abelian extensions. This is now known as the \textit{Carlitz module} which is the simplest Drinfeld module. \textit{V. G. Drinfeld} [Math. USSR, Sb. 23(1974), 561--592 (1976); translation from Mat. Sb., N. Ser. 94(136), 594--627 (1974; Zbl 0321.14014)] and \textit{D. R. Hayes} [Adv. Math., Suppl. Stud. 6, 173--217 (1979; Zbl 0476.12010)] described explicit class field theory for an arbitrary global function field \(F\). Both constructions start by choosing a place \({\mathfrak p}_{\infty}\) of \(F\) and gave the maximal extension \(K_{{\mathfrak p}_{\infty}}\) of \(F\) where \({\mathfrak p}_{\infty}\), decomposes fully. Then Drinfeld defined a moduli space of rank \(1\) of what he called \textit{elliptic modules} (now called Drinfeld modules) with level structure arising from the finite places of \(F\). On the other hand, Hayes fixed a normalized Drinfeld module \(\phi\) of rank \(1\) whose field of definition along with its torsion points were used to construct \(K_{{\mathfrak p}_{\infty}}\). To compute the full field \(F^{\mathrm{ab}}\) he chose another place \({\mathfrak p}_{\infty}^{\prime} \neq {\mathfrak p}_{\infty}\) and obtained \(F^{\mathrm{ab}}\) is the composite of \(K_{{\mathfrak p}_{\infty}}\) and \(K_{{\mathfrak p}_{\infty}^{\prime}}\). In the paper under review the author gives a version of explicit class field theory that does not require the choice of a second \({\mathfrak p}_{\infty}^{\prime}\). More precisely, let \(\theta_F: C_F\to \mathrm{Gal}(F^{\mathrm{ab}}/F)\) be the Artin map where \(C_F\) is the idele class group of \(F\). Then \(\theta_F\) is a continuous homomorphism. By taking profinite completions, we obtain an isomorphism of topological groups \[ \widehat{\theta_F}: \widehat{C_F}\mathop{\rightarrow}\limits^{\sim} \mathrm{Gal}(F^{\mathrm{ab}}/F). \] In this way \(\theta_F\) provides a one--to--one correspondence between the finite abelian extensions \(L\) of \(F\) and the finite index open subgroups \(U\) of \(C_F\). For a finite abelian extension \(L/F\), the corresponding open subgroup of \(C_F\) is the kernel \(U\) of the homomorphism \[ C_F\mathop{\rightarrow}\limits^{\theta_F}\mathrm{Gal}(F^{\mathrm{ab}}/F) \twoheadrightarrow \mathrm{Gal}(L/F). \] Given \(L\), \(U\) is computable. On the other hand, given \(U\), the Artin map does not give \(L\) explicitly. Explicit class field theory gives \(L\) by means of generators for \(L\) over \(F\). The author gives a construction of \(F^{\mathrm{ab}}\) that produces the inverse of \(\widehat{\theta_F}\). He constructs an isomorphism of topological groups \(\rho: W_F^{\mathrm{ab}}\to C_F\) where \(W_F^{\mathrm{ab}}\) is the subgroup of \(\mathrm{Gal}(F^{\mathrm{ab}}/F)\) that acts on the algebraic closure \(\bar{k}\) of \(k\) as an integral power of the Frobenius map. The inverse of \(\rho\) will be the homomorphism \(\alpha \mapsto \theta_F(\alpha)^{-1}\). For an open subgroup \(U\) of finite index of \(C_F\), the homomorphism \(\rho_U: W_F^{\mathrm{ab}}\rightarrow C_F\twoheadrightarrow C_F/U\) factors through \(\mathrm{Gal}(L_U/F)\) where \(L_U\) is the field corresponding to \(U\). Everything about \(\rho\) is computable and in particular one can find generators for \(L_U\). The author treats the case \(F=k(t)\) in Section 5 and recovers Hayes' description of \(k(t)^{\mathrm{ab}}\) as the composite of three linearly disjoint fields.

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