Expressive curves

DOI10.1090/CAMS/12MaRDI QIDQ6052400zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Sergey Fomin, Eugenii I. Shustin

Publication date 17 October 2023

Published in Communications of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.14066

zbMATH Keywords

polynomial curvereal plane algebraic curvetrigonometric curvecritical points of real bivariate polynomialsexpressive curve

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singularities of curves, local rings (14H20) Plane and space curves (14H50) Real algebraic sets (14P05) Computational aspects of algebraic curves (14Q05) Special algebraic curves and curves of low genus (14H45) Affine analytic geometry (51N10)

Abstract: We initiate the study of a class of real plane algebraic curves which we call expressive. These are the curves whose defining polynomial has the smallest number of critical points allowed by the topology of the set of real points of a curve. This concept can be viewed as a global version of the notion of a real morsification of an isolated plane curve singularity. We prove that a plane curve $C$ is expressive if (a) each irreducible component of $C$ can be parametrized by real polynomials (either ordinary or trigonometric), (b) all singular points of $C$ in the affine plane are ordinary hyperbolic nodes, and (c) the set of real points of $C$ in the affine plane is connected. Conversely, an expressive curve with real irreducible components must satisfy conditions (a)-(c), unless it exhibits some exotic behaviour at infinity. We describe several constructions that produce expressive curves, and discuss a large number of examples, including: arrangements of lines, parabolas, and circles; Chebyshev and Lissajous curves; hypotrochoids and epitrochoids; and much more.

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