Extendability of automorphisms of generic substructures

DOI10.1007/S11856-015-1209-1MaRDI QIDQ891096zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 16 November 2015

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.1427

automorphism Baire category Fraïsé \(\mathcal L\)-structure generic isometry Polish space

Basic properties of first-order languages and structures (03C07) Function spaces in general topology (54C35) Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35) Special maps on metric spaces (54E40)

Abstract: We show that if g is a generic (in the sense of Baire category) isometry of a generic subspace of the Urysohn metric space U, then g does not extend to a full isometry of U. The same holds for the Urysohn sphere S. Let M be a Fraisse L-structure, where L is a relational countable language and M has no algebraicity. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the following to hold: for a generic substructure A of M, every automorphism f in Aut(A) extends to a full automorphism f in Aut(M). From our analysis, a dichotomy arises and some structural results are derived that, in particular, apply to omega-stable Fraisse structures without algebraicity.

Review text

\textit{G. E. Chuchunajšvili} [``On a property of Urysohn's universal metric space, Dokl.\ Akad.\ Nauk SSSR 101, 607--610 (1955; Zbl 0064.16903)] showed that in the Urysohn metric space \(\mathbb U,\) every isometry \(f:A\to B\) of compact subspaces \(A,B\subseteq\mathbb U\) extends to an isometry \(\tilde f\) of \(\mathbb U\). This result cannot be extended for non-compact subspaces but for every separable metric space \(X\) it is possible to find isometric copies \(A\), \(B\) of \(X\) in \(\mathbb U\) such that every isometry \(f:A\to B\) extends to an isometry of \(\mathbb U\). It is said that \textit{the generic element of a topological space \(X\) has a property \(P\)} if the set of all elements of \(X\) having \(P\) is comeager. For a Polish space \(X\) let \(\mathcal F(X)\) denote the canonical Polish space of all closed subsets of \(X\). For subsets \(A\) and \(B\) of \(X\) let \(\text{Iso}(A,B)\) and \(\mathcal E(A,B)\) denote, respectively, the space of all isometries from \(A\) onto \(B\) and the space of all isometries from \(A\) onto \(B\) that extend to an isometry of \(X\) (both spaces equipped with the pointwise convergence topology). Let \(\text{Iso}(A)=\text{Iso}(A,A)\) and \(\mathcal E(A)=\mathcal E(A,A)\). In the paper under the review the author proves for \(X=\mathbb U\) that (1) for generic \(A\in\mathcal F(\mathbb U)\), \(\mathcal E(A)\) is a meager subset of \(\text{Iso}(A)\); (2) for generic pair \((A,B)\in\mathcal F(\mathbb U)\times\mathcal F(\mathbb U)\), \(\mathcal E(A,B)\) is a meager subset of \(\text{Iso}(A,B)\). The same holds for the Urysohn sphere \(\mathbb S\). Let \(\mathcal L\) be a relational countable language and let \(M\) be a Fraïsé \(\mathcal L\)-structure without algebraicity. The author proves that for a generic substructure \(A\subseteq M\) every automorphism of \(A\) extends to an automorphism of \(M\). He obtains some structural results that in particular can be applied to \(\omega\)-stable Fraïsé structures without algebraicity.

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