Factorization of formal exponentials and uniformization

DOI10.1006/JABR.2000.8285MaRDI QIDQ1570362zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Katrina Barron, Yi-Zhi Huang, J. Lepowsky

Publication date 23 October 2000

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9908151

zbMATH Keywords

\({\mathbb Z}\)-graded Lie algebrasaffine Lie algebrasCampbell-Baker-Hausdorff formulafactorization of formal exponentialsformal algebraic uniformizationNeveu-Schwarz superalgebraVirasoro algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Infinite-dimensional Lie (super)algebras (17B65) Kac-Moody (super)algebras; extended affine Lie algebras; toroidal Lie algebras (17B67) Virasoro and related algebras (17B68) Graded Lie (super)algebras (17B70) Applications of Lie (super)algebras to physics, etc. (17B81)

Abstract: Let $mathfrakg$ be a Lie algebra in characteristic zero equipped with a vector space decomposition $mathfrakg=mathfrak{g}^{-}oplusmathfrak{g}^{+}$, and let $s$ and $t$ be commuting formal variables. We prove that the Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff map $C:smathfrak{g}^{-}[[s,t]]imestmathfrak{g}^{+}[[s,t]]osmathfrak{g}^{-}[[s,t]]oplustmathfrak{g}^{+}[[s,t]]$ given by $e^{s{g}^{-}}{e}^{t{g}^{+}}=e^{C(s{g}^{-},t{g}^{+})}$ for $g^{p}minmathfrak{g}^{p}m[[s,t]]$ is a bijection, as is well known when $mathfrakg$ is finite-dimensional over $mathbbR$ or $mathbbC$, by geometry. It follows that there exist unique $Ps{i}^{p}minmathfrak{g}^{p}m[[s,t]]$ such that $e^{t{g}^{+}}{e}^{s{g}^{-}}=e^{sPs{i}^{-}}{e}^{tPs{i}^{+}}$ (also well known in the finite-dimensional geometric setting). We apply this to $mathfrakg$ consisting of certain formal infinite series with coefficients in a Lie algebra $mathfrakp$. For $mathfrakp$ the Virasoro algebra (resp., a Grassmann envelope of the Neveu-Schwarz superalgebra), the result was first proved by Huang (resp., Barron) as a step in the construction of a (super)geometric formulation of the notion of vertex operator (super)algebra. For the Virasoro (resp., N=1 Neveu-Schwarz) algebra with zero central charge the result gives the precise expansion of the uniformizing function for a sphere (resp., supersphere) with tubes resulting from the sewing of two spheres (resp., superspheres) with tubes in two-dimensional genus-zero holomorphic conformal (resp., N = 1 superconformal) field theory. The general result places such uniformization problems into a broad formal algebraic context.

Review text

For a Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\) over a field of characteristic zero and for two elements \(g_1, g_2 \in {\mathfrak g}\), the classical Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff formula gives a formal Lie series \(C(g_1,g_2)\) in \(g_1\) and \(g_2\) such that \( e^{g_1} e^{g_2} = e^{C(g_1, g_2)}\) [cf. \textit{C. Reutenauer}, ``Free Lie Algebras, London Math. Soc. Monogr. (N.S.), Vol. 7, Clarendon, Oxford (1993; Zbl 0798.17001)]. Let \({\mathfrak g}\) be equipped with a vector space decomposition \({\mathfrak g} = {\mathfrak g}^{-} \oplus {\mathfrak g}^{+}\), and let \(s\) and \(t\) be commuting formal variables commuting with \({\mathfrak g}\). In the paper under review the authors prove the result on factorization of formal exponentials saying that the map \[ C : s {\mathfrak g}^{-} s, t \times t {\mathfrak g}^{+} s, t \rightarrow s {\mathfrak g}^{-} s, t \oplus t {\mathfrak g}^{t} s, t \] defined by the Campbell-Baker-Hausdorff formula and given by \[ e^{s g^{-}} e^{t g^{+}} = e^{ C( s g^{-}, t g^{+})} \] for \(g^{\pm} \in {\mathfrak g}^{\pm} s,t\) is a bijection. It follows that there exist unique \( \Psi^{\pm} \in {\mathfrak g}^{\pm} s,t\) such that \( e^{t g^{+}} e^{ s g^{-}} = e^{s \Psi^{-}} e^{ t \Psi^{+}}\). The authors apply these results to Lie algebras consisting of certain formal infinite series with coefficients in \({\mathbb Z}\)-graded Lie algebra. They also present several applications of the results for affine Lie algebras, the Virasoro algebra and the \(N=1\) Neveu-Schwarz superalgebra.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(9)

• The product of exponentials in the definition of canonical kernel function.
• Birkhoff type decompositions and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff recursion
• Exponential series without denominators
• THE MODULI SPACE OF N = 2 SUPER-RIEMANN SPHERES WITH TUBES
• Axiomatic aspects of N = 2 vertex superalgebras with odd formal variables
• On unification of terms with integer exponents
• The Notion of N=1 Supergeometric Vertex Operator Superalgebra and the Isomorphism Theorem
• The Notion of Vertex Operator Coalgebra and a Geometric Interpretation
• Cardy condition for open-closed field algebras

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