Factorizations and Hardy-Rellich-type inequalities

DOI10.4171/186-1/10MaRDI QIDQ4686123zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Fritz Gesztesy, Lance L. Littlejohn

Publication date 9 October 2018

Published in Non-Linear Partial Differential Equations, Mathematical Physics, and Stochastic Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.08929

zbMATH Keywords

even order PDE operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inequalities applied to PDEs involving derivatives, differential and integral operators, or integrals (35A23) Singular elliptic equations (35J75)

Abstract: The principal aim of this note is to illustrate how factorizations of singular, even-order partial differential operators yield an elementary approach to classical inequalities of Hardy-Rellich-type. More precisly, introducing the two-parameter $n$-dimensional homogeneous scalar differential expressions $$, $$, $$, $ninmathbbN$, $ngeq2$, and its formal adjoint, denoted by $$, we show that nonnegativity of $$ on $$ implies the fundamental inequality, �egin{align} int_{mathbb{R}^n} [(Delta f)(x)]^2 , d^n x &geq [(n - 4) alpha - 2 �eta] int_{mathbb{R}^n} |x|^{-2} |(

abla f)(x)|^2 , d^n x otag \ & quad - alpha (alpha - 4) int_{mathbb{R}^n} |x|^{-4} |x cdot ( abla f)(x)|^2 , d^n x otag \ & quad + �eta [(n - 4) (alpha - 2) - �eta] int_{mathbb{R}^n} |x|^{-4} |f(x)|^2 , d^n x,

otag end{align} for $$. A particular choice of values for $alpha$ and $$ yields known Hardy-Rellich-type inequalities, including the classical Rellich inequality and an inequality due to Schmincke. By locality, these inequalities extend to the situation where $mathbb{R}^n$ is replaced by an arbitrary open set $Omegasubseteqmathbb{R}^n$ for functions $$. Perhaps more importantly, we will indicate that our method, in addition to being elementary, is quite flexible when it comes to a variety of generalized situations involving the inclusion of remainder terms and higher-order situations.

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