Finite-degree predicates and two-variable first-order logic
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Subsystems of classical logic (including intuitionistic logic) (03B20) Logic in computer science (03B70) Automata and formal grammars in connection with logical questions (03D05) Computational difficulty of problems (lower bounds, completeness, difficulty of approximation, etc.) (68Q17) Descriptive complexity and finite models (68Q19)
Abstract: We consider two-variable first-order logic on finite words with a fixed number of quantifier alternations. We show that all languages with a neutral letter definable using the order and finite-degree predicates are also definable with the order predicate only. From this result we derive the separation of the alternation hierarchy of two-variable logic on this signature.
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