Finite subgroups of Ham and Symp

DOI10.1007/S00208-017-1566-7MaRDI QIDQ681628zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 12 February 2018

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.05494

\((C,d)\)-Jordan group almost complex manifold finite subgroups Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms symplectic diffeomorphisms symplectic manifold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symplectic manifolds (general theory) (53D05) Finite transformation groups (57S17)

Abstract: Let

(X, o m e g a)

be a compact symplectic manifold of dimension

2 n

and let

H a m (X, o m e g a)

be its group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. We prove the existence of a constant

C

, depending on

X

but not on

o m e g a

, such that any finite subgroup

G s u b s e t H a m (X, o m e g a)

has an abelian subgroup

A s u b s e t e q G

satisfying

[G : A] l e q C

, and

A

can be generated by

n

elements or fewer. If

b_{1} (X) = 0

we prove an analogous statement for the entire group of symplectomorphisms of

(X, o m e g a)

. If

b_{1} (X) e q 0

we prove the existence of a constant

C^{'}

depending only on

X

such that any finite subgroup

G s u b s e t S y m p (X, o m e g a)

has a subgroup

N s u b s e t e q G

which is either abelian or

2

-step nilpotent and which satisfies

[G : N] l e q C^{'}

. These results are deduced from the classification of the finite simple groups, the topological rigidity of hamiltonian loops, and the following theorem, which we prove in this paper. Let

E

be a complex vector bundle over a compact, connected, smooth and oriented manifold

M

; suppose that the real rank of

E

is equal to the dimension of

M

, and that

l a n g l e e (E), [M] a n g l e e q 0

, where

e (E)

is the Euler class of

E

; then there exists a constant

such that, for any prime

p

and any finite

p

-group

G

acting on

E

by vector bundle automorphisms preserving an almost complex structure on

M

, there is a subgroup

G_{0} s u b s e t e q G

satisfying

M^{G_{0}} e q e m p t y s e t

and

.

Review text

If \((X,\omega)\) is a symplectic manifold, let \(\mathrm{Ham}(X,\omega)\) be the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms and \(\mathrm{Symp}(X,\omega)\) the group of symplectic diffeomorphisms of \((X,\omega)\). \(\mathrm{Symp}_0(X,\omega)\subseteq\mathrm{Symp}(X,\omega)\) and \(\mathrm{Diff}_0(X)\subseteq\mathrm{Diff}(X)\) are the identity components. If \(C\) and \(d\) are natural numbers, then a group \({\mathcal G}\) is said to be \((C,d)\)-Jordan if each finite subgroup \(G\subseteq{\mathcal G}\) has an abelian subgroup \(A\subseteq G\) satisfying \([G : A]\leq C\) and such that \(A\) can be generated by \(d\), or fewer elements. In this paper, the author is interested in the finite subgroups of \(\mathrm{Ham}(X,\omega)\) or \(\mathrm{Symp}(X,\omega)\) for an arbitrary compact symplectic manifold \(X\). It is shown that if \((X,\omega)\) is a \(2n\)-dimensional compact and connected symplectic manifold, then \(\mathrm{Ham}(X,\omega)\) is \((C,n)\)-Jordan for some \(C\) depending only on \(H^*(X)\), where \(H^*(X)\) denotes the integral cohomology of \(X\). This result implies that if \(\dim X=2n\) and the flux homomorphism \(\pi_1(\mathrm{Symp}_0(X,\omega))\to H^1(X;\mathbb R)\) vanishes, then \(\mathrm{Symp}_0(X,\omega)\) is \((C,n)\)-Jordan for some \(C\) depending only on \(H^*(X;\mathbb Z)\). Also, the author proves that if \((X,\omega)\) is a \(2n\)-dimensional compact and connected symplectic manifold satisfying \(b_1(X)= 0\), then \(\text{Symp}(X,\omega)\) is \((C,n)\)-Jordan for some \(C\) which only depends on \(H^*(X)\). The stronger result states that if \((X,J)\) is a \(2n\)-dimensional almost complex, compact, and connected smooth manifold satisfying \(b_1(X)= 0\), and there exists \(\omega\in H^2(X;\mathbb R)\) such that \(\omega^n\neq 0\), then the group \(\mathrm{Diff}(X,J)\) of all diffeomorphisms preserving the almost complex structure \(J\) on \(X\) is \((C,n)\)-Jordan for a constant \(C\) depending only on \(H^*(X)\). It is not known whether the symplectomorphism group of every compact symplectic manifold is Jordan. The author proves the weaker result stating that if \((X,\omega)\) is a compact and connected symplectic manifold, then there exists a constant \(C\) depending only on \(H^*(X)\) with the property that any finite subgroup \(\Gamma\subset\mathrm{Symp}(X,\omega)\) has a subgroup \(N\subseteq\Gamma\) satisfying \([\Gamma : N]\leq C\) and \(N\) is either abelian or \(2\)-step nilpotent. The above results are consequences of the following property: If \(E\) is a complex vector bundle over a compact, connected, smooth, and oriented manifold \(M\), the real rank of \(E\) is equal to the dimension of \(M\), and \(\langle e(E),[M]\rangle\neq 0\), where \(e(E)\) is the Euler class of \(E\), then there exists a constant \(C\) such that, for any prime \(p\) and any finite \(p\)-group \(G\) acting on \(E\) by vector bundle automorphisms preserving an almost complex structure \(J\) on \(M\), there is a subgroup \(G_0\subseteq G\) satisfying \(M^{G_0}\neq\varnothing\) and \([G : G_0]\leq C\).

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