Finite term relations for the exponential orthogonal polynomials

DOI10.1051/MMNP/2019025MaRDI QIDQ5001249zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Björn Gustafsson, Mihai Putinar

Publication date 19 July 2021

Published in Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00959

zbMATH Keywords

complex orthogonal polynomialsexponential transformfinite term relationhyponormal operatorquadrature domain

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Integral representations, constructed kernels (e.g., Cauchy, Fantappiè-type kernels) (32A26) Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47) Subnormal operators, hyponormal operators, etc. (47B20) Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators (47B35)

Abstract: The exponential orthogonal polynomials encode via the theory of hyponormal operators a shade function $g$ supported by a bounded planar shape. We prove under natural regularity assumptions that these complex polynomials satisfy a three term relation if and only if the underlying shape is an ellipse carrying uniform black on white. More generally, we show that a finite term relation among these orthogonal polynomials holds if and only if the first row in the associated Hessenberg matrix has finite support. This rigidity phenomenon is in sharp contrast with the theory of classical complex orthogonal polynomials. On function theory side, we offer an effective way based on the Cauchy transforms of $g,overlinezg,ldots,overline{z}^{d}g$, to decide whether a $(d+2)$-term relation among the exponential orthogonal polynomials exists; in that case we indicate how the shade function $g$ can be reconstructed from a resulting polynomial of degree $d$ and the Cauchy transform of $g$. A discussion of the relevance of the main concepts in Hele-Shaw dynamics completes the article.

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