Fixed point properties for semigroups of nonlinear mappings on unbounded sets

has a left invariant mean. Left invariant mean (or amenability) is an important notion in harmonic analysis of semigroups and groups introduced by von Neumann in 1929 cite{Neu} and formalized by Day in 1957 cite{Day}. In our investigation we use the notion of common attractive points introduced recently by S. Atsushiba and W. Takahashi.

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Let \( S\) a semitopological semigroup, i.e., a semigroup with a Hausdorff topology with respect to which, for each \(t\in S\), the maps \(s\mapsto t\cdot s\) and \(s\mapsto t\cdot s\) are continuous. Let \(C\) be a nonempty subset of a Banach space \(E\) and consider \(\mathcal S =\{T_s:s\in S\}\), called a representation of \(S\) on \(C\), where \(T_s:C\to C\) for each \(s\in S\), and \(T_st(x) = T_s(T_tx)\) for all \(x\in C\). \(\mathcal S\) is nonexpansive if \(\|T_sx - T_sy|\leq \|x-y\|\) for each \(s\in S\) and all \(x, y\in C\). The symbol \(F(S)\) denotes the set of all common fixed points for \(\mathcal S\). In this paper, the authors study the relation between the common attractive points and the common fixed points for a semigroup of nonexpansive mappings on a closed convex \(C\) when \(E\) is strictly convex. The authors show that the results of \textit{S. Atsushiba} and \textit{W. Takahashi} [J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. 14, No. 2, 209--219 (2013; Zbl 1279.47077)] remain valid when \(\mathcal S\) is a continuous representation of a left amenable semitopological semigroup \(S\) and \(E\) is a Hilbert space. Here is the main result. (Theorem 4.3, p. 1211) Let \(C\) be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Hilbert space \(H\) and \(\mathcal S\) a representation of a semitopological semigroup \(S\) on \(C\) as nonexpansive self-mappings. Suppose that \(\{T_sc:s\in S\}\) is bounded for some \(c\in C\) and assume that one of the following conditions holds. {\parindent=0.8cm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(C_b(S)\), the bounded continuous complex-valued functions on \(S\), has a left invariant mean and the mapping \(s\mapsto T_sc\) is continuous from \(S\) to \(C\) with the weak topology. \item[(2)] \(S\) is left amenable and the action of \(S\) on \(C\) is weakly jointly continuous. \item[(3)] The space \(AP(S)\) [all \(f\in C_b(S)\) such that the left translates of \(f\) by \(s\in S\) is relatively compact in the norm topology of \(C_b(S)\)] has a left invariant mean and the action of \(S \) on \(C\) is weakly separately continuous and weakly equicontinuous. \item[(4)] The space \(WAP(S)\) [all \(f\in C_b(S)\) such that the left translates of \(f\) by \(s\in S\) is relatively compact in the weak topology of \(C_b(S)\)] has a left invariant mean and the action of \(S\) on \(C\) is weakly separately continuous and weakly quasi-equicontinuous. \end{itemize}} Then \(F(S) \neq \emptyset\). The authors also prove that the same result holds when \(\mathcal S\) is separable and left reversible for a weakly equicontinuous representation \(\mathcal S\). Some extensions of the above results for generalized hybrid mappings (see Theorem 5.2 and Theorem 5.4) in Hilbert spaces are also established. The authors conclude the paper by presenting four open problems concerning fixed points and common fixed points for the underlying mappings as well as inquiring sufficient conditions for some of the results established in the paper.

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