Verlet integration

discrete-time expression	mathematical expression

Available identifiers

Also known as Stoermer-Verlet integration

Originally discovered already by Newton: Essentially a symmetric (and symplectic!) combination of Euler forward and backward methods.

Defining Formula: $q (t + τ) = 2 q (t) - q (t - τ) + τ^{2} F (q (t)) / M$
$F$ represents force acting on a particle
$τ$ represents time step
$m$ represents mass
$q$ represents particle position
$t$ represents time

backward Euler method	$y_{n + 1} = y_{n} + h f (t_{n + 1}, y_{n + 1})$
	$y$ represents unknown function
	$f$ represents right hand side of differential equation
	$h$ represents time step
	$t$ represents time

Euler forward method	$y_{n + 1} = y_{n} + h f (t_{n}, y_{n})$
	$f$ represents right hand side of differential equation
	$h$ represents time step
	$t$ represents time
	$y$ represents unknown function

Computer "Experiments" on Classical Fluids. I. Thermodynamical Properties of Lennard-Jones Molecules

second order differencing method

Item	Property
Newton second law of motion for constant mass	discretized by
second order differencing method	similar to

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