Free convex algebraic geometry
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Abstract: This chapter is a tutorial on techniques and results in free convex algebraic geometry and free real algebraic geometry (RAG). The term free refers to the central role played by algebras of noncommutative polynomials R<x> in free (freely noncommuting) variables x=(x_1,...,x_g). The subject pertains to problems where the unknowns are matrices or Hilbert space operators as arise in linear systems engineering and quantum information theory. The subject of free RAG flows in two branches. One, free positivity and inequalities is an analog of classical real algebraic geometry, a theory of polynomial inequalities embodied in algebraic formulas called Positivstellens"atze; often free Positivstellens"atze have cleaner statements than their commutative counterparts. Free convexity, the second branch of free RAG, arose in an effort to unify a torrent of ad hoc optimization techniques which came on the linear systems engineering scene in the mid 1990's. Mathematically, much as in the commutative case, free convexity is connected with free positivity through the second derivative: A free polynomial is convex if and only if its Hessian is positive. However, free convexity is a very restrictive condition, for example, free convex polynomials have degree 2 or less. This article describes for a beginner techniques involving free convexity. As such it also serves as a point of entry into the larger field of free real algebraic geometry.
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Cited in
(31)- Matrix coefficient realization theory of noncommutative rational functions
- \(\mathrm{H}^2\) spaces of non-commutative functions
- The Ramsey property for operator spaces and noncommutative Choquet simplices
- Optimal bounds on the positivity of a matrix from a few moments
- An introduction to matrix convex sets and free spectrahedra
- Noncommutative partially convex rational functions
- Multipartite rational functions
- Toeplitz corona and the Douglas property for free functions
- On Hermitian polynomial optimization
- The tracial Hahn-Banach theorem, polar duals, matrix convex sets, and projections of free spectrahedra
- Real algebraic geometry with a view toward hyperbolic programming and free probability. Abstracts from the workshop held March 1--7, 2020
- A note on non-commutative polytopes and polyhedra
- Convexity and semidefinite programming in dimension-free matrix unknowns
- Operator Positivstellensätze for noncommutative polynomials positive on matrix convex sets
- Real algebraic geometry with a view toward systems control and free positivity. Abstracts from the workshop held April 6--12, 2014.
- Engineering systems and free-semi-algebraic geometry
- Non-commutative Real Algebraic Geometry - Some Basic Concepts and First Ideas
- Positive polynomials in scalar and matrix variables, the spectral theorem, and optimization
- The convex Positivstellensatz in a free algebra
- Joint measurability of quantum effects and the matrix diamond
- Algebras of bounded noncommutative analytic functions on subvarieties of the noncommutative unit ball
- Quadratic modules, 𝐶*-algebras, and free convexity
- On projections of free semialgebraic sets
- Free semialgebraic geometry
- The constant trace property in noncommutative optimization
- A noncommutative generalization of Hunter's positivity theorem
- Dimension-free matricial Nullstellensätze for noncommutative polynomials
- Abstract operator systems over the cone of positive semidefinite matrices
- Noncommutative plurisubharmonicity, existence of pluriharmonic conjugates, and free universal monodromy
- On the topology of the free complexes of convex geometries
- Positive polynomials on projective limits of real algebraic varieties
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