From Quantum Many-Body Systems to Ideal Fluids

MaRDI QIDQ6379784zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Matthew Rosenzweig

Publication date 8 October 2021

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Euler equations (35Q31) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) PDEs in connection with mechanics of particles and systems of particles (35Q70)

Abstract: We give a rigorous, quantitative derivation of the incompressible Euler equation from the many-body problem for $N$ bosons on $mathbb{T}^d$ with binary Coulomb interactions in the semiclassical regime. The coupling constant of the repulsive interaction potential is $1/(varepsilo{n}^{2}N)$, where $varepsilonll1$ and $Ngg1$, so that by choosing $varepsilon=N^{-lambda}$, for appropriate $lambda>0$, the scaling is supercritical with respect to the usual mean-field regime. For approximately monokinetic initial states with nearly uniform density, we show that the density of the first marginal converges to 1 as $Nightarrowinfty$ and $hbarightarrow0$, while the current of the first marginal converges to a solution $u$ of the incompressible Euler equation on an interval for which the equation admits a classical solution. In dimension 2, the dependence of $varepsilon$ on $N$ is essentially optimal, while in dimension 3, heuristic considerations suggest our scaling is optimal. Our proof is based on a Gronwall relation for a quantum modulated energy with an appropriate corrector and is inspired by recent work of Golse and Paul arXiv:1912.06750 on the derivation of the pressureless Euler-Poisson equation in the classical and mean-field limits and of Han-Kwan and Iacobelli arXiv:2006.14924 and the author arXiv:2104.11723 on the derivation of the incompressible Euler equation from Newton's second law in the supercritical mean-field limit. As a byproduct of our analysis, we also derive the incompressible Euler equation from the Schr"odinger-Poisson equation in the limit as $hbar+varepsilonightarrow0$, corresponding to a combined classical and quasineutral limit.

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