Gale duality for complete intersections

Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Topology of real algebraic varieties (14P25) Arrangements of points, flats, hyperplanes (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C35)

Abstract: We show that every complete intersection of Laurent polynomials in an algebraic torus is isomorphic to a complete intersection of master functions in the complement of a hyperplane arrangement, and vice versa. We call this association Gale duality because the exponents of the monomials in the polynomials annihilate the weights of the master functions. We use Gale duality to give a Kouchnirenko theorem for the number of solutions to a system of master functions and to compute some topological invariants of generic master function complete intersections.

Review text

The authors consider algebraic subvarieties \(X\subseteq\mathbb C^N\) that arise as intersections of an algebraic subtorus \(T\subseteq(\mathbb C^*)^N\) and a linear subspace \(L\subseteq\mathbb C^N\). These ingredients can be described by matrices over \(\mathbb Z\) or \(\mathbb C\), respectively. Since both subvarieties \(T\) and \(L\) can be described either by parametrization (via the standard torus or affine space, respectively), or by equations, \(X\) allows two mutually dual presentations. On the one hand, \(X\) equals a subvariety of \(T\) given by linear equations restricted to \(T\). Doing so, these equations turn into Laurent polynomials on \(T\). On the other, \(X\) can be understood as a subvariety of \(L\) cut out by monomials restricted to this linear subspace. The result is master functions on the complement of the hyperplane arrangement on \(L\) that is induced from the coordinate functions on the ambient \(\mathbb C^N\).

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