Gapped Lineon and Fracton Models on Graphs

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVB.107.125121MaRDI QIDQ6413253zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Pranay Gorantla, Ho Tat Lam, Nathan Seiberg, Shu-Heng Shao

Publication date 7 October 2022

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVB.107.125121

Abstract: We introduce a $mathbb{Z}_N$ stabilizer code that can be defined on any spatial lattice of the form $Gammaimes{C}_{L_z}$, where $Gamma$ is a general graph. We also present the low-energy limit of this stabilizer code as a Euclidean lattice action, which we refer to as the anisotropic $mathbb{Z}_N$ Laplacian model. It is gapped, robust (i.e., stable under small deformations), and has lineons. Its ground state degeneracy (GSD) is expressed in terms of a "mod $N$-reduction" of the Jacobian group of the graph $Gamma$. In the special case when space is an $LimesLimes{L}_z$ cubic lattice, the logarithm of the GSD depends on $L$ in an erratic way and grows no faster than $O(L)$. We also discuss another gapped model, the $mathbb{Z}_N$ Laplacian model, which can be defined on any graph. It has fractons and a similarly strange GSD.

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