Generalized splines on arbitrary graphs

DOI10.2140/PJM.2016.281.333MaRDI QIDQ5962783zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Simcha Gilbert, Julianna Tymoczko, Shira Viel

Publication date 24 February 2016

Published in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0801

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic graph theoryequivariant cohomologyGKM theorysplines

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth, etc.) (05C78) Spline approximation (41A15) Homology with local coefficients, equivariant cohomology (55N25)

Abstract: Let G be a graph whose edges are labeled by ideals of a commutative ring. We introduce a generalized spline, which is a vertex-labeling of G by elements of the ring so that the difference between the labels of any two adjacent vertices lies in the corresponding edge ideal. Generalized splines arise naturally in combinatorics (em algebraic splines of Billera and others) and in algebraic topology (certain equivariant cohomology rings, described by Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson and others). The central question of this manuscript asks when an arbitrary edge-labeled graph has nontrivial generalized splines. The answer is `always', and we prove the stronger result that generalized splines contain a free submodule whose rank is the number of vertices in G. We describe all generalized splines when G is a tree, and give several ways to describe the ring of generalized splines as an intersection of generalized splines for simpler subgraphs of G. We also present a new tool which we call the GKM matrix, an analogue of the incidence matrix of a graph, and end with open questions.

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Cited in

(18)

• GB-splines of arbitrary order
• Generalized integer splines on arbitrary graphs
• Basis criteria for generalized spline modules via determinant
• Graphs admitting only constant splines
• Generalized splines and graphic arrangements
• An algorithm for generating generalized splines on graphs such as complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs and hypercubes
• Flow-up bases for generalized spline modules on arbitrary graphs
• Module basis for generalized spline modules
• Multivariate generalized splines and syzygies on graphs
• Basis condition for generalized spline modules
• Generalized splines on graphs with two labels and polynomial splines on cycles
• Generalized graph splines and the Universal Difference Property
• Determinantal conditions for modules of generalized splines
• A concise introduction to GKM theory, 25 years on
• Alcove walks and GKM theory for affine flags
• The algebra of splines: duality, group actions and homology
• Splines on Cayley graphs of the symmetric group
• Dimension of splines on graphs in the case of degree two and smoothness one in two variables

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