Generalizing Tuenter's binomial sums

MaRDI QIDQ5246242zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Richard P. Brent

Publication date 20 April 2015

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.3533, http://www.emis.de/journals/JIS/VOL18/Brent/brent5.html

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zbMATH Keywords

Bernoulli random walkbinomial sum identityCatalan numberDumont-Foata polynomialexplicit formulagenerating functionGenocchi numbermomentpolynomial interpolationsecant numbertangent number

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65) Moment problems (44A60) Sums of independent random variables; random walks (60G50)

Abstract: Tuenter [Fibonacci Quarterly 40 (2002), 175-180] and other authors have considered centred binomial sums of the form [S_r(n) = sum_k �inom{2n}{k}|n-k|^r,] where $r$ and $n$ are non-negative integers. We consider sums of the form [U_r(n) = sum_k �inom{n}{k}|n/2-k|^r] which are a generalisation of Tuenter's sums as $S_r(n)=U_r(2n)$ but $U_r(n)$ is also well-defined for odd arguments $n$. $U_r(n)$ may be interpreted as a moment of a symmetric Bernoulli random walk with $n$ steps. The form of $U_r(n)$ depends on the parities of both $r$ and $n$. In fact, $U_r(n)$ is the product of a polynomial (depending on the parities of $r$ and $n$) times a power of two or a binomial coefficient. In all cases the polynomials can be expressed in terms of Dumont-Foata polynomials. We give recurrence relations, generating functions and explicit formulas for the functions $U_r(n)$ and/or the associated polynomials.

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