Generally rational polynomials in two variables

Publication date 27 April 2015

Published in Osaka Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.3752, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ojm/1427202876

dicritical field generators generally rational polynomials

Polynomial rings and ideals; rings of integer-valued polynomials (13F20) Positive characteristic ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G17) Rational and unirational varieties (14M20) Affine spaces (automorphisms, embeddings, exotic structures, cancellation problem) (14R10)

Abstract: Let k be an algebraically closed field. A polynomial F in k[X,Y] is said to be "generally rational" if, for almost all c in k, the curve " F= c is rational. It is well known that, if char(k)=0, F is generally rational iff there exists G in k(X,Y) such that k(F,G)=k(X,Y). We give analogous results valid in arbitrary characteristic.

Review text

A polynomial \(F\in\mathbf{k}[x,y]\) in two variables over an algebraically closed field \(\mathbf{k}\) is said to be \textit{generally rational} if its general level surfaces \(F=\lambda\) in the affine plane \(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbf{k}}^{2}\) are rational. When \(\mathbf{k}\) is of characteristic zero, it is known (see e.g. [\textit{M. Miyanishi} and \textit{T. Sugie}, Osaka J. Math. 17, 339--362 (1980; Zbl 0457.13006)]) that this property is equivalent to fact that \(F\) is a so-called \textit{field generator}, in the sense that there exists \(G\in\mathbf{k}(x,y)\) such that \(\mathbf{k}(F,G)=\mathbf{k}(x,y)\). In the the article under review, the author investigates the relation between the concepts of field generator and generally rational polynomial over fields of positive characteristic. He establishes in particular that for a field \(\mathbf{k}\) of characteristic \(p>0\), an element \(F\in\mathbf{k}[x,y]\) is generally rational if and only \(F\not\in\mathbf{k}[x,y]^{p}\) and there exists \(G\in\mathbf{k}(x,y)\) such that \(\mathbf{k}(x,y)\) is a purely inseparable extension of \(\mathbf{k}(F,G)\). Some geometric criteria to decide when such an \(F\) is actually a genuine field generator are also given.

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