Global solutions for leading coefficient problem of a general iterative equation

DOI10.1007/S00025-014-0432-0MaRDI QIDQ498388zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 28 September 2015

Published in Results in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00025-014-0432-0

continuous solution fixed point theorem iterative functional equations leading coefficient problem Schroeder transformation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Iteration of real functions in one variable (26A18) Dynamical systems involving maps of the interval (37E05) Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12)

Review text

The paper deals with the iterative equation \[ G(f(x),f^2(x),\dots,f^n(x))=F(x), \leqno(*) \] where \(x \in I:=[a,b]\) and \(f:I \to J\), \(J\) a real interval. The product of \(n\) intervals \(I\) is denoted by \(I^n\) and \(\mathbf a=(a,a,\dots,a)\), \(\mathbf b=(b,b,\dots,b)\), \(\mathbf x=(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n)\); \(G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf x):=\frac{\partial{G}}{\partial{x_i}}(\mathbf x)\). The following properties on the given function \(G\) are requested. {\parindent=10mm \begin{itemize}\item[(G1)] \(G\) is increasing with respect to each variable \(x_i\), \(i=1,2,\dots,n-1\), and strictly increasing with respect to \(x_n\); \item[(G2)] for every \(\mathbf x, \mathbf y \in I^n\), it is \[ 0\leq G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf x)\leq G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf a) \quad \text{and} \quad |G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf x)-G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf y)|\leq \sum_{j+1}^n N_{ij}| x_j-y_j|, \] where \(N_{ij}\) are nonnegative constants; \item[(G3)] For every \(\mathbf x, \mathbf y \in I^n\), it is \[ 0\leq G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf x)\leq G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf b) \quad \text{and} \quad |G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf x)-G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf y)|\leq \sum_{j+1}^n M_{ij}| x_j-y_j|, \] where \(M_{ij}\) are nonnegative constants. \end{itemize}} Put \[ \mathcal G_1(I):=\{G\mid G:I^n \to \mathbb R \text{ satisfies (G1) and (G2)} \} \] and \[ \mathcal G_2(I):=\{G\mid G:I^n \to \mathbb R \text{ satisfies (G1) and (G3)} \}. \] Similarly, the following properties on \(F\) are needed. Define \[ \mathcal H_+(I,J):=\{f:I \to J\mid f \text{ is a strictly increasing homeomomorphism} \}; \] \[ \mathcal A_G[I]:=\{F \in \mathcal H_+(I,J)\mid F(x)<G(x,x,\dots,x), \quad x \in (a,b) \}; \] \[ \mathcal B_G[I]:=\{F \in \mathcal H_+(I,J)\mid F(x)>G(x,x,\dots,x), \quad x \in (a,b) \}; \] {\parindent=10mm \begin{itemize}\item[(F1)] \(F \in \mathcal A_G[I]\); \item[(F2)] \(F^{\prime}\) is Lipschitz on \(I\) and \(F^{\prime}(x)\geq F^{\prime}(a)>0\) for all \(x \in I\); \item[(F3)] \(F \in \mathcal B_G[I]\); \item[(F4)] \(F^{\prime}\) is Lipschitz on \(I\) and \(F^{\prime}(x)\geq F^{\prime}(b)>0\) for all \(x \in I\). \end{itemize}} Finally, let \[ \mathcal F_1(I,J):=\{F\mid F:I\to J \text{ satisfies (F1) and (F2)} \} \] and \[ \mathcal F_2(I,J):=\{F\mid F:I\to J \text{ satisfies (F3) and (F4)} \}. \] The main result of the paper is the following. Theorem. For a given \(G \in \mathcal G_1(I)\) and \(F \in \mathcal F_1(I,J)\) with the following conditions \[ G(\mathbf a)=F(a), \quad G(\mathbf b)=F(b), \quad \sum_{i=1}^n G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf a)>F^{\prime}(a), \] or for a given \(G \in \mathcal G_2(I)\) and \(F \in \mathcal F_2(I,J)\) with the following conditions \[ G(\mathbf a)=F(a), \quad G(\mathbf b)=F(b), \quad \sum_{i=1}^n G_i^{\prime}(\mathbf b)>F^{\prime}(b), \] equation \((*)\) has infinitely many strictly increasing continuous solutions, which fix the endpoints \(a\) and \(b\).

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