Higher-order linking forms for knots

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Abstract: We construct examples of knots that have isomorphic nth-order Alexander modules, but non-isomorphic nth-order linking forms, showing that the linking forms provide more information than the modules alone. This generalizes work of Trotter, who found examples of knots that have isomorphic classical Alexander modules, but non-isomorphic classical Blanchfield linking forms.


\textit{T. D. Cochran} [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 4, 347--398 (2004; Zbl 1063.57011)] introduced the higher Alexander modules \(\mathcal{A}_{n}\) of a knot, which are obtained from the derived series \(\{G^{(n)}\}\) of a knot group \(G\) by considering a factor group \(G^{(n+1)}/G^{(n+2)}\) as a right module over \(G/G^{(n+1)}\) via conjugation. In the paper under review the author shows that Cochran's ``genetic infection technique can be used to construct, for each \(n\), examples of knots which have isomorphic higher Alexander modules \(\mathcal{A}_{m}\) for every \(m\leq n\) and isomorphic linking forms defined on \(\mathcal{A}_{m}\) for every \(m<n\), but nonisomorphic linking forms defined on \(\mathcal{A}_{n}\). The corresponding result in the ``classical case (\(n=0\)) is due to \textit{H. F. Trotter} [Invent. Math. 20, 173--207 (1973; Zbl 0269.15009)] and \textit{C. Kearton} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 202, 141--160 (1975; Zbl 0305.57016)].











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