Homogeneous Bol algebras
A Bol algebra \(B\) is a vector space over a field \(\Phi\) with a bilinear operation \(xy\) and a trilinear operation \([x, y, z]\) that satisfy the following identities: \[ x^2= 0, \quad [x, x, y]= 0, \quad [x, y, z]+ [y, z, x]+ [z, x, y] =0, \] \[ [x, y, z]t- [x, y, t]z+ [z, t, xy]- [x, y, zt]+ (xy) (zt)=0, \qquad \text{and} \] \[ [x, y, [z, t, v ]]= [[x, y, z], t, v]+ [z, [x, y, t], v]+ [z, t, [x, y, v]]. \] Also, if the trilinear operation is of the form \([x, y, z]= \alpha (xy) z+\beta (yz) x+ \gamma (zx) y\) for some fixed \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma\in \Phi\), then the Bol algebra \(B\) is said to be homogeneous. For \(B\) a homogeneous Bol algebra over a field \(\Phi\) of characteristic \(\neq 2, 3\), the author proves the following: (1) \(B\) is either a metabelian algebra, or a \(\delta\)-algebra with \(\delta\neq 3\). (An anti-commutative algebra is metabelian if it satisfies the identity \((xy) (zt)= 0\); and it is a \(\delta\)-algebra if it satisfies the identity \(J(x, y, z)x= J(x, y, xz)+ \delta (xy) (xz)\), where \(J(x, y, z)= (xy)z+ (yz)x+ (zx)y\) and \(\delta\) is a fixed element in \(\Phi\).) Also, when \(B\) is a \(\delta\)-algebra, if \(\delta=0\) then \(B\) is a Mal'tsev algebra; and if \(\delta\neq 0\) then \(B\) satisfies the identity \(J(vt, xy, z)= 2((vt) (xy))z\). (2) If \(B\) is not a Mal'tsev algebra, then \((B^2 )^3 =0\). (3) If \(B\) is semiprime, then \(B\) is a Mal'tsev algebra and is isomorphically embeddable in the commutator algebra \(A^{(-)}\) of some alternative algebra \(A\) over \(\Phi\).
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