Horospherical flat surfaces in hyperbolic 3-space
In this long and interesting paper, horospherical flat horocyclic surfaces in hyperbolic \(3\)-space are studied. In Euclidean space, surfaces with vanishing Gauss curvature are developable surfaces which belong to a special class of ruled surfaces and horocyclic surfaces are supposed to be notions analogous to ruled surfaces in hyperbolic space. The authors study geometric properties and singularities of horospherical flat horocyclic surfaces.NEWLINENEWLINEOne of the main results of this paper is a generic classification of singularities of horospherical flat horocyclic surfaces with curve singularities (Theorem 6.2). The paper is organized into eight sections as follows: Differential geometry in hyperbolic space; The horospherical geometry in hyperbolic space; Horo-flat surfaces; Horocyclic surfaces; Singularities of horo-flat horocyclic surfaces; The cuspidal beaks; Duality between \(H^{3}_{+}(-1)\) and \(LC^{*}_{+}\). At the end of the paper, two useful appendices are included: Criteria for cuspidal beaks and cuspidal lips; Singularities of general horocyclic surfaces.NEWLINENEWLINEOther papers of the first author (with collaborators) directly connected to these results are [\textit{S. Izumiya, D. Pei} and \textit{T. Sano}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 86, No.~2, 485--512 (2003; Zbl 1041.58017); Publ. Math. 64, No.~1--2, 1--13 (2004; Zbl 1067.53004); \textit{S. Izumiya, D. Pei} and \textit{M. Takahashi}, Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 47, No.~1, 131--153 (2004; Zbl 1074.53045); \textit{S. Izumiya, M. C. Romero-Fuster} and \textit{M. Takahashi}, Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 35, No.~2, 177--198 (2004; Zbl 1086.53081); \textit{S. Izumiya, D. Pei, M. C. Romero-Fuster} and \textit{M. Takahashi}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 71, No.~3, 779--800 (2005; Zbl 1113.53011); \textit{S. Izumiya, D. Pei} and \textit{M. C. Romero-Fuster}, Isr. J. Math. 154, 361--379 (2006; Zbl 1181.53045); \textit{S. Izumiya} and \textit{M. C. Romero Fuster}, J. Math. Soc. Japan 58, No.~4, 965--984 (2006; Zbl 1111.53042); \textit{S. Izumiya, K. Saji} and \textit{N. Takeuchi}, Adv. Geom. 7, No.~2, 295--313 (2007; Zbl 1123.53005); \textit{S. Izumiya}, Mosc. Math. J. 9, No.~2, 325--357 (2009; Zbl 1188.53055)].
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