Hypercontractivity of Spherical Averages in Hamming Space

Abstract: Consider the linear space of functions on the binary hypercube and the linear operator

S_{d} e l t a

acting by averaging a function over a Hamming sphere of radius

d e l t a n

around every point. It is shown that this operator has a dimension-independent bound on the norm

L_{p} o L_{2}

with

p = 1 + (1 - 2 d e l t a)^{2}

. This result evidently parallels a classical estimate of Bonami and Gross for

L_{p} o L_{q}

norms for the operator of convolution with a Bernoulli noise. The estimate for

S_{d} e l t a

is harder to obtain since the latter is neither a part of a semigroup, nor a tensor power. The result is shown by a detailed study of the eigenvalues of

S_{d} e l t a

and

L_{p} o L_{2}

norms of the Fourier multiplier operators

P i_{a}

with symbol equal to a characteristic function of the Hamming sphere of radius

a

(in the notation common in boolean analysis

P i_{a} f = f^{= a}

, where

f^{= a}

is a degree-

a

component of function

f

). A sample application of the result is given: Any set

A s u b s e t F F_{2}^{n}

with the property that

A + A

contains a large portion of some Hamming sphere (counted with multiplicity) must have cardinality a constant multiple of

2^{n}

.

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