Improved approximation guarantees for sublinear-time Fourier algorithms

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Abstract: In this paper modified variants of the sparse Fourier transform algorithms from [14] are presented which improve on the approximation error bounds of the original algorithms. In addition, simple methods for extending the improved sparse Fourier transforms to higher dimensional settings are developed. As a consequence, approximate Fourier transforms are obtained which will identify a near-optimal k-term Fourier series for any given input function, f:[0,2pi]−>C,inO(k2cdotD4) time (neglecting logarithmic factors). Faster randomized Fourier algorithm variants with runtime complexities that scale linearly in the sparsity parameter k are also presented.


This paper develops fast methods for finding near-optimal nonlinear approximations to the Fourier transform of a given continuous and periodic function \(f:\;[0,2\pi]^D\to\mathbb C\). Suppose that \(f\) is a band limited so that its Fourier transform, \(\hat f:\;\mathbb Z^D\to \mathbb C\), is zero for all \(\omega\notin [-N/2,N/2]^D\), where \(N^D\) is large. An optimal \(k\)-term trigonometric approximation to \(f\) is given by \[ f_k^{\text{opt}}({\mathbf x})=\sum_{j=1}^k\hat f (\omega_j)e^{i\omega_j{\mathbf x}}, \] where \(\omega_1,\dots,\omega_{N^D}\in (-N/2,N/2]^D\bigcap\mathbb Z^D\) are ordered by the magnitudes of their coefficients so that \[ |\hat f(\omega_1)|\geq|\hat f(\omega_2)|\geq\dots\geq |\hat f(\omega_{N^D})|. \] The optimal \(k\)-term approximation error is then \(\|f-f_k^{\text{opt}}\|_2=\|\hat f-\hat f_k^{\text{opt}}\|_2\). Suppose \(k\in\mathbb N\) is given. The goal of this paper is to develop fast Fourier approximation schemes that are guaranteed to always return a near-optimal trigonometric polynomial, \(y_k:\;[0,2\pi]^D\to\mathbb C\), having \(\|f-y_k\|_2\approx\|\hat f-\hat f_k^{\text{opt}}\|_2\).




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