Characterization of linear similarities through functional equation and mappings preserving orthogonalities (Q2272486)

Let \((X, \|\cdot\|)\) be a real normed space of dimension not less than \(2\). The norm derivative \(\rho^\prime_+: X\times X\to \mathbb{R}\) is defined by \(\rho^\prime_+(x, y) = \|x\|\cdot\lim_{t\to 0^+}\frac{\|x+ty\|-\|x\|}{t}\), and the \(\rho_+\)-orthogonality is defined by \(x\perp_{\rho^+}y \Leftrightarrow \rho^\prime_+(x, y) =0\). \textit{J. Chmieliński} and \textit{P. Wójcik} [Aequationes Math. 80, No. 1--2, 45--55 (2010; Zbl 1208.46015)] proved that any linear mapping preserving \(\rho^\prime_+\)-orthogonality has to be a similarity. In the paper under review, the author presents another version of the result above, that is, he proves that the linearity assumption may be replaced by additivity under some circumstances. \textit{C. Alsina} et al. [Norm derivatives and characterizations of inner product spaces. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific (2010; Zbl 1196.46001)] posed the following problem: Solve the functional equation \[ f\left(y-\frac{\rho^\prime_+(x,y)}{\|x\|^2}x\right)=f(y)-\frac{\rho^\prime_+(f(x),f(y))}{\|f(x)\|^2}f(x)\quad (x,y \in X), \] where \(f : X \to X\) is injective. The author [Aequationes Math. 93, No. 3, 557--561 (2019; Zbl 1414.39012)] solved this functional equation in the case when the domain is a smooth space without any assumptions of the injectivity and the continuity of \(f\). In the paper under review, he gives a full solution of the functional equation above in a more general setting.