Bounded mean oscillation and bandlimited interpolation in the presence of noise (Q2429765)

Let \(\text{PW}_b^p\) denote the Paley--Wiener space of \(p\)-integrable functions (\(1\leq p\leq \infty\)) having Fourier transforms supported in \([b/2,b/2]\) with the Fourier transform normalized such that one has the sampling series \(f(t)=\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty f(n/\sigma) \sin (\pi (bt-n)/(\pi (bt-n))\) with convergence in \(L^p\) (as appropriate). For a separated sequence \(X=\{x_k\}\subset\mathbb{R}\) and \(\delta_X=1\) if \(0\in X\) and \(\delta_X=0\) otherwise, let \(S(z)=z^{\delta_X} \lim_{r\to\infty} \prod_{0<|x_k|<r}(1-z/x_k)\), which is of sine type if the product converges to a function of exponential type \(\pi b<\infty\) and if, for each \(\epsilon>0\), there are positive \(C_1(\epsilon)\) and \(C_2(\epsilon)\) such that, whenever the distance from \(z\) to \(X\) exceeds \(\epsilon\), \(C_1(\epsilon)\leq e^{\pi b |\Im (z)|}|S(z)|\leq C_2(\epsilon)\). In this case, any \(f\in \text{PW}\,_b^p\) can be written \[ f(z) =\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty f\Bigl(\frac{n}{b}\Bigr) \frac{S(z)}{S'(x_n) (z-x_n)}. \] The primary results address convergence properties of bandlimited functions of bounded mean oscillation (BMO)---functions whose sharp maximal function \(f^\sharp(t) =\sup_I \, \frac{1}{|I|}\int_I |f-f_I|\) is bounded, where \(f_I\) is the mean value of \(f\) on the bounded interval \(I\). The main theorem is stated as follows: Suppose that \(X=\{x_k\}\) is a separated sequence with sine-type generating function \(S\) of exponential type at most \(\pi b\). Suppose that \(A=\{a_k\}\cup a\) is a collection of i.i.d random variables uniformly distributed in \([-\alpha,\alpha]\), and let \(f\) be a bandlimited interpolation of \(A\) at \(X\cup x\), that is, \[ f(z) = a\frac{S(z)}{S(x)}+\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty a_k \lim_{z_0\to z} \frac{S(z_0)}{S'(x_k)} \Bigl(\frac{1}{z_0-x}-\frac{1}{x-x_k}\Bigr). \] Then, almost surely, the Hardy--Littlewood maximal function \(Mf(t)=\sup_{r>0}\frac{1}{2r}\int_{-r}^r |f(t)|\, dt\) is finite at \(t\). Paley--Wiener spaces of bounded mean oscillation are defined by \(\text{PW}_b^\ast =\{f:\, \text{type}\, f \leq \pi b,\quad \|f\|_{\text{BMO}}+|f(c)|<\infty\}\). The following properties of \(f\in \text{PW}_b^\ast\) are established: (i) for each \(c\in\mathbb{R}\), \(f(\cdot+ic)\) is uniformly Lipschitz continuous on \(\mathbb{R}\), (ii) for any fixed \(c,d\in \mathbb{R}\) there is a constant such that \(|f(d)|\leq C(|f(c)|+\|f\|_{\text BMO})\), (iii) for any fixed \(z\in \mathbb{C}\), \(f\mapsto f(z)\) defines a continuous linear functional on \(\text{PW}_b^\ast\), and (iv) \(\|f'\|_{\infty}\leq \|f\|_{\text{BMO}}\). As a corollary, if \(f\in \text{PW}_b^\ast\) then either \(f\) is a bounded bandlimited function or there is no separated sequence \(X\) of positive lower Beurling density such that \(f\) is bounded along that sequence.