Gauss sum of index 4. II: Non-cyclic case (Q2508606)

Let \(p\) be a prime number, \(m \geq 2\) an integer relatively prime to \(p(p-1)\), and \( \langle p \rangle\) the cyclic subgroup in \(({ \mathbb Z}/{m \mathbb Z})^{*}\) generated by \(p\). Let \(\mathbb F_{q}\) be a finite field with \(q=p^{f}\) elements, \(\text{tr} : \mathbb F_{q} \rightarrow \mathbb F_{p}\) the trace map, \( \chi\) a multiplicative character of the field \(\mathbb F_{q}\) of order \(m\), and \[ G( \chi)= \sum_{x \in \mathbb F_{q}^{*}} \chi(x) e^{ 2 \pi i \,\text{tr}(x)/p} \] the Gauss sum over \(\mathbb F_{q}\). It is well known that \(G( \chi) \in O_{K}\), where \(O_{K}\) is the ring of integers of the decomposition field \(K\) of \(p\) in \({ \mathbb Q}(e^{2 \pi i/m})\). The authors assume that \( -1 \not \in \langle p \rangle\), \([({ \mathbb Z}/m{ \mathbb Z})^{*} : {\langle p \rangle}]=4\), and \(f= \varphi(m)/4\). Under these assumptions, the field \(K\) is an imaginary quartic abelian number field and its Galois group \(\text{Gal}(K/{ \mathbb Q})\) is either cyclic or a product of two cyclic groups of order~2. The cyclic case was studied earlier by the authors in [Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 21, No.~6, 1425--1434 (2005; Zbl 1123.11041)]. In the present paper the authors determine the value of \(G( \chi)\) in the non-cyclic case when \(\text{Gal}(K/{ \mathbb Q})\) is a product of two cyclic groups.