The upper nilradical and Jacobson radical of semigroup graded rings. (Q479307)

This paper is motivated by two questions posed by \textit{A. Smoktunowicz} [J. Algebra Appl. 13, No. 4, Article ID 1350121 (2014; Zbl 1298.16009)]. Firstly it is shown that if the upper nilradical of any \(S\)-graded ring is homogeneous, then \(S\) must be cancellative and torsion-free. When \(S\) is commutative, these two conditions are necessary and sufficient for the homogeneity of the upper nilradical. These results are extended to other nil related radicals, for example the Wedderburn radical and the bounded nilradical. The second problem is to find semigroups \(S\) for which homogeneous subrings of \(S\)-graded Jacobson radical rings are also Jacobson radical. It is known that this will be the case if \(S\) is the additive semigroup of positive integers. Using a generalized power series construction, the authors show that if \(S\) is such that all finitely generated subsemigroups \(T\subseteq S\) fulfil \(\bigcap_{n\geq 1}T^n=\emptyset\), then this heredity property will hold. This result covers a large class of semigroups which gives a positive answer to this problem. However, examples are given to show that this is not a necessary requirement.