An unbounded generalization of the Tomita-Takesaki theory (Q578572)

We define the notion of unbounded left Hilbert algebras which is an unbounded generalization of left Hilbert algebras in the sense that the left multiplication is not necessarily bounded. Then a bicommutant \({\mathfrak A}''\) of an unbounded left Hilbert algebra \({\mathfrak A}\) is defined and becomes an achieved left Hilbert algebra, and so it induces the fundamental theorem of Tomita for the left von Neumann algebra \({\mathcal U}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')\) and the right von Neumann algebra \({\mathcal V}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')\) of \({\mathfrak A}'':J''{\mathcal U}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')J''={\mathcal V}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')\), \(\Delta^{''it}{\mathcal U}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')\Delta^{''-it}={\mathcal U}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')\) for all \(t\in R\), where \(J''\) is the modular conjugation operator of \({\mathfrak A}''\) and \(\Delta ''\) is the modular operator of \({\mathfrak A}''\). The first purpose is to extend the above results to an unbounded left Hilbert algebra \({\mathfrak A}\). The following question arises. Question A. Do there exist \(O^*_ p\)-algebras \({\mathcal U}({\mathfrak A})\) and \({\mathcal V}({\mathfrak A})\) such that \({\mathcal U}({\mathfrak A})''={\mathcal U}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')\), \({\mathcal V}({\mathfrak A})''={\mathcal V}_ 0({\mathfrak A}'')\), \(J''{\mathcal U}({\mathfrak A})J''={\mathcal V}({\mathfrak A})\) and \(\Delta^{''it}{\mathcal U}({\mathfrak A})\Delta^{''it}={\mathcal U}({\mathfrak A})\) for all \(t\in R?\) In order to solve Question A, we need an unbounded generalization of von Neumann algebras called generalized von Neumann algebra, and further have to consider the invariance of domains under the unitary group \(\{\Delta^{''it}\}\). From this viewpoint, in Section 3 we define the notion of modular unbounded left Hilbert algebras, and show that Question A is affirmative for such an algebra. Thus the notion of modular is important for our study, so that it is natural to consider the following question. Question B. For each achieved left Hilbert algebra \({\mathfrak A}_ 0\) does there exist a modular unbounded left Hilbert algebra \({\mathfrak A}\) such that \({\mathfrak A}''={\mathfrak A}_ 0?\) In Section 4 we consider Question B for von Neumann algebras \({\mathcal M}_ 0\) with cyclic and separating vector \(\xi_ 0\), and show that if the fixed-point algebra \({\mathcal M}_ 0^{\sigma}\) of the modular automorphism group of the left Hilbert algebra \({\mathcal M}_ 0\xi_ 0\) in \({\mathcal M}_ 0\) is infinitely dimensional, then Question B is affirmative.