An indeterminate rational moment problem and Carathéodory functions (Q935793)

A moment problem is called indeterminate if it has more than one solution. It is known that if the Hamburger moment problem is indeterminate, then there is a one-to-one correspondence between the collection of all the solutions to this moment problem and the collection of all Nevanlinna functions augmented by the constant \(\infty\). The purpose of the present paper is to prove a similar statement for a rational moment problem that arises in the study of certain rational functions with poles outside the closed unit disk in the extended complex plane. Let \(\{\alpha_n\}^\infty_{n=1}\) be a sequence of points in the open unit disk in the complex plane and let \[ \mathbb B_0=1\quad \text{and}\quad \mathbb B_n(z)=\prod_{k=0}^n\frac{\overline{\alpha_k}}{| \alpha_k| } \frac{\alpha_k-z}{1-\overline{\alpha_k}z},\quad n=1,2,\dots, \] (\(\overline{\alpha_k}/| \alpha_k| =-1\) when \(\alpha_k = 0\)). Put \(\mathcal L = \text{span}\{\mathbb B_n: n = 0, 1,2, \dots\}\) and consider the following ``moment'' problem: Given a positive-definite Hermitian inner product \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\) in \(\mathcal L\), find all positive Borel measures \(\nu\) on \([-\pi,\pi)\) such that \[ \langle f,g\rangle = \int_{-\pi}^\pi f\left(e^{i\theta}\right) \overline{g\left(e^{i\theta}\right)}\, d\nu(\theta)\quad \text{for}\quad f,g\in\mathcal L. \] Assuming that this moment problem is indeterminate, that is \(\sum_{n=0}^\infty(1-| \alpha_n| )<\infty\), under some additional condition on the \(\alpha_n\), the authors establish a one-to-one correspondence between the collection of all solutions to this moment problem and the collection of all Carathéodory functions augmented by the constant \(\infty\).