Limit curves for zeros of sections of exponential integrals
Power series (including lacunary series) in one complex variable (30B10) Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Representations of entire functions of one complex variable by series and integrals (30D10) Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder functions, ({}_0F_1) (33C10)
This very elegant paper deals with entire functions defined by integrals of the form \(F(z)=\int_{-a}^{b} \varphi (t) e^{zt}dt\) with some restrictions on the function \(\varphi.\) The author investigates the asymptotic behavior of the zeros of the partial sums of their Taylor expansion \[ s_n[F](z)=\sum_{k=0}^n\frac{z^k}{k!}\int_{-a}^{b} \varphi (t) t^k dt. \] The zeros grow of order \(O(n)\). After rescaling the author explicitly finds their limit curve. Let \(c:=\max\{a,b\}\). In particular he shows that: (i) there exists an increasing sequence of natural numbers \(S\) such that every point on the curve \[ D_{a,b}=\left \{z\in \mathbb {C}: \mathrm{Re}(z) \leq 0, \;\;|z| \leq\frac{1}{c}, \;\;|cze^{1+az}|=1 \right \} \] \[ \cup \left \{z\in \mathbb {C}: \mathrm{Re(z)} \geq 0, \;\;|z| \leq \frac{1}{c}, \;\;|cze^{1-bz}|=1 \right \} \] is a limit point of the zeros of the normalized sections \(s_N[F](Nz)\), \(N\in S\); (ii) the limit points of the zeros of the normalized sections \(s_N[F](Nz)\) on the imaginary axis lie on the line segment \[ D_{\mathrm{imag}}=\left \{z\in \mathbb {C}: \mathrm{Re(z)} =0, \;\;|z| \leq \frac{1}{ec} \right \} . \] The rate at which the zeros approach the curve is found. It depends on the order of the singularities (zeros) of the integrand \(\varphi\). As an application of the main results of the paper, the author describes the limit curve for the zeros of the partial sums of the power series of the Bessel function of the first kind, and the rate at which the zeros approach this curve.
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