Linearity defects of modules over commutative rings

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Abstract: This article concerns linear parts of minimal resolutions of finitely generated modules over commutative local, or graded rings. The focus is on the linearity defect of a module, which marks the point after which the linear part of its minimal resolution is acyclic. The results established track the change in this invariant under some standard operations in commutative algebra. As one of the applications, it is proved that a local ring is Koszul if and only if it admits a Koszul module that is Cohen-Macaulay of minimal degree. An injective analogue of the linearity defect is introduced and studied. The main results express this new invariant in terms of linearity defects of free resolutions, and relate it to other ring theoretic and homological invariants of the module.


Let \((R, \mathfrak{m}, k)\) be a local ring. Any complex \(F\) of finitely generated free \(R\)-modules with \(\partial(F)\subseteq \mathfrak{m}F\) has a natural \(\mathfrak{m}\)-adic filtration associated graded complex with respect to it is denoted \(\mathrm{lin}^RF\), and is called the linear part of \(F\). Let \(M\) be a finitely generated \(R\)-module, and let \(F\) be its minimal free resolution. The linearity defect of \(M\) is denoted by \(\mathrm{lk}_RM\) and it is defined as \[ \mathrm{ld}_RM=\sup\{i\in\mathbb{Z}: H_i(\mathrm{lin}^RF)\neq 0\}. \] A finitely generated \(R\)-module \(M\) is called Koszul if \(\mathrm{ld}_RM=0\). The ring \(R\) is called Koszul if \(k\) is a Koszul module. We say that \(R\) is absolutely Koszul if every finitely generated \(R\)-module has finite linearity defect; equivalently, has a Koszul syzygy module. One of the main result in the paper under review is the following: Let \(R\to S\) be a surjective homomorphism of local rings such that the projective dimension of the \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathfrak{m}}R\)-module \(\mathrm{gr}_{\mathfrak{m}}S\) is finite. If \(S\) is absolutely Koszul, then so is \(R\). Moreover, in this case, one has an inequality \[ \mathrm{gl\,ld}R\leq\mathrm{gl\,ld}S+\mathrm{proj.dim}_RS. \] The authors give different applications of this result.



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