Lipschitz conditions on the modulus of a harmonic function

Lipschitz (Hölder) classes (26A16) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions in two dimensions (31A05) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions in higher dimensions (31B05)

Review text

The author introduces the following notations: \(S\) -- a subset of the \(N\)-dimensional Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^n\); \(\omega\) -- a majorant, i.e. a continuous increasing function on \([0,\infty)\) with the properties \(\omega(0)= 0\), \(\omega(t)/t\) is nonincreasing for \(t> 0\); for a real or complex valued function \(f\) on \(S\), \(f\in\Lambda_\omega(S)\) if there is a constant \(C<\infty\) such that \(|f(x)- f(w)|\leq C\omega(|x- w|)\), \(x,w\in S\); if \(\omega(t)= t^\alpha\), \(0<\alpha\leq 1\), \(\Lambda_\omega(S)= \Lambda^\alpha(S)\); \(B_N\) -- the open unit ball of \(\mathbb{R}^N\). For a function \(f\) defined and continuous on \(\overline B_N\) he considers the following conditions: (A) \(f\in\Lambda_\omega(B_N)\); (B) \(f\in\Lambda_\omega(\partial B_N)\); (C) there is a constant \(C< \infty\) so that \(|f(y)- f(ry)|\leq C\omega(1- r)\), for \(y\in\partial B_N\), \(0< r< 1\); (\(\text{A}_1\)) \(|f|\in\Lambda_\omega(B_N)\); (\(\text{B}_1\)) \(|f|\in\Lambda_\omega(\partial B_N)\); (\(\text{C}_1\)) there is a constant \(C<\infty\) so that \(\| f(y)|-|f(ry)\|\leq C\omega(1- r)\) for \(y\in\partial B_N\), \(0< r< 1\). The relations between (A), (B), (C), (\(\text{A}_1\)), (\(\text{B}_1\)), (\(\text{C}_1\)) were studied by many authors previously and were extended to other more general functions \(f\); between these authors appears, also, the author of the present paper. To the above conditions, the author adds another two ones: (D) there is a constant \(0<\infty\) such that \({\mathcal P}[|f|](x)- |f(x)|\leq C\omega(1- |x|)\), for \(x\in B_N\), where \({\mathcal P}[|f|]\) is the Poisson integral of the boundary function; (E) \(f\in\Lambda_1(K)\) for every compact subset \(K\) of \(B_N\), and there is a constant \(C\) so that \(|\nabla f(x)|\leq C\omega(1-|x|)/(1- |x|)\) for almost all \(x\in B_N\). The author collects the obtained results in the domain in the following way: ``Let \(\omega\) be a regular majorant and let \(f\) be a holomorphic function in \(B_2\). Then, there hold the relations: \((\text{A})\leftrightarrow(\text{B}) \leftrightarrow(\text{C})\leftrightarrow(\text{A}_1)\leftrightarrow(\text{B}_1+ \text{C}_1)\leftrightarrow (\text{B}_1+ \text{D})\). In the present paper he is concerned with the case where \(f\) is real-valued and harmonic in \(B_N\) and proves the relations \((\text{A}) \leftrightarrow(\text{B})\leftrightarrow (\text{C}) \leftrightarrow(\text{A}_1) \leftrightarrow(\text{B}_1) \leftrightarrow(\text{C}_1)\), when the majorant \(\omega\) is regular, namely if it satisfies: \[ \int^x_0 \omega(t)/t\,dt+ x\int^\infty_x \omega(t)\,dt/t^2\leq C\omega(x), \] \(x> 0\), \(C=\text{const}\). The rest of the paper is constituted by the proofs of the above relations.

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