Loops in inflationary correlation functions
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adiabatic perturbationgauge invarianceinflationary correlation functioninflationary universeinfrared (IR)IR cutoffiso-curvature perturbationloop correctionperturbation theoryquantum statetensor perturbation
Applications of statistics to physics (62P35) Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-02) Approximation procedures, weak fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C25) Methods of quantum field theory in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C47) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to astronomy and astrophysics (85-02) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40)
Abstract: We review the recent progress regarding the loop corrections to the correlation functions in the inflationary universe. A naive perturbation theory predicts that loop corrections generated during inflation suffer from various infrared (IR) pathologies. Introducing an IR cutoff by hand is not only unsatisfactory but also does not fix the problem of secular growth, which may ruin the predictive power of inflation models if the inflation lasts sufficiently long. We discuss the origin of the IR divergences and explore the regularity conditions of loop corrections for the adiabatic perturbation, the iso-curvature perturbation, and the tensor perturbation, in turn. These three kinds of perturbations have qualitative differences, but in discussing the IR regularity there is a feature common to all cases, which is the importance of the proper identification of observable quantities. Genuinely observable quantities should respect the gauge invariance from the view point of a local observer. Interestingly, we find that the requirement of the IR regularity restricts the allowed quantum states.
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